1 I went to Vermont, where I met many skiers. 2 I went to Vermont, there I met many skiers. 3 I went to Vermont, I met many skiers there.
345.
1 Jack’s suit is old, nevertheless, he still looks good in it.
2 Jack’s suit is old, however, he still looks good in it.
3 Jack’s suit is old; he still looks good in it though.
346.
1 The mechanic checked the steering wheel, which was fine, but he said that the brakes were defective.
2 The mechanic checked the steering wheel, which was fine, and then he said that the brakes were defective.
3 The mechanic checked the steering wheel, which was fine, although he said that the brakes were defective.
Correcting Run-Ons and Fragments
347–361 What changes, if any, should be made to the underlined words in order to create a complete sentence?
347. Teresa holding the tray as I placed the glasses on it.
348. Generous donors drop coins in the box their contributions fund scholarships.
349.Who likes ice cream
350.Place the carton in the corner of the lobby, Margaret.
351.The dictionary resting on a shelf in the corner.
352. I find knitting relaxing, my aunt prefers embroidery.
353. Those mountain peaks covered with snow even in the summer.
354. Mattie, having read the paper, went for a walk.
355. Park the truck in the lot, be sure to lock it.
356.A pen and pencil on the desk in the corner of the living room.
357. Which performs better in the annual talent show
358.Accepting an internship, Bert, always planning his next career move, which will lead him to success.
359. When the handle turns, the fire hose sprays water with great force in the direction indicated on the dial.
360. Picasso’s statue has a gently curved side, which highlighting the grain of the marble.
361. While swimming, Harriet tangled her foot in a fishing line.
Chapter 8
Moving Beyond the Basics: Adding Descriptions
Parent: The new mall just opened. What do you want for your birthday?
Offspring: I want a shirt.
Parent: Okay, I'm leaving.
Knowing exactly what to buy, the parent heads off to the mall, right? Obviously not, because even though I want a shirt is a complete sentence, it doesn't provide much information. The offspring has to add some descriptions: silk, corduroy, green, long-sleeved, ridiculously expensive (that last description most likely coming from the parent). Nor is it clear what the parent is doing: leaving now or leaving forever, the second being a possible pair with ridiculously expensive. In this chapter, you concentrate on short descriptions — one-word or slightly longer expressions that attach to nouns, pronouns, verbs, and other adjectives and adverbs — that add much to your sentences.
The Questions You’ll Work On
In this chapter, you work on questions in these areas:
Identifying adjectives and adverbs
Selecting the appropriate adjective or adverb for a particular situation
Knowing when to use a or an
Inserting hyphens in compound descriptions
What to Watch Out For
Keep these points in mind when you’re answering the questions in this chapter:
Adjectives describe nouns and pronouns, telling you how many, which one, how much, or what kind of thing or person you’re talking about.
Adverbs describe verbs, telling you how, when, where, why, or under what conditions an action or state of being occurs.
Adverbs also describe adjectives and other adverbs, expressing the intensity or degree of the quality the adverb describes.
The article an precedes a word beginning with a vowel sound (a, e, i, o, or u). A precedes a word beginning with a consonant sound (any letter except the vowels listed in the preceding sentence). Only sound, not spelling, matters.
If two or more words function as one description, you generally hyphenate them, as in second-place finish, green-and-yellow hat, hard-working waiter, and so forth.
Distinguishing Between Adjectives and Adverbs
362–373 Identify the underlined words (in order) as adjectives (ADJ), adverbs (ADV), or neither (N).
362. The green scarf slipped off her bare head.
363. Put these shiny cups below because I may use them later.
364.Good journalists still cover important stories, not sensational gossip.
365.Fivetiny mice curled up and squeaked softly when they sensed danger.
366. The escaped prisoners, tired and hungry, eventually surrendered.
367. Your school shoes are tootight, so we must buy a larger size.
368. When Luke sounded hoarse, his trustedvoice coach gave him honey and lemon.
369.Identical twins are playingone role in that Broadway play.
370. A vacant building, unguarded, may attract squatters who live thereillegally.
371. Be smart. Drive defensively, and you’ll arrive safely and enjoy a lovely vacation.
372. The production crew is responsible for setting the props on stage before the curtain first rises.
373. Chef John is justlyfamous for his use of extremelyfresh ingredients and fast preparation of complicated dishes.
Placing Adjectives and Adverbs in Sentences
374–393 Insert an adjective or an adverb in each blank, choosing from the words in the parentheses.
374. The reporters were _____ (pleased, pleasingly) to see their _____ (local, locally) story attract _____ (national, nationally) attention.
375. Are _____ (common, commonly) electronic devices _____ (bad, badly) for _____ (social, socially) connections?
376. Wading into _____ (deep, deeply) waters, Ron felt _____ (cool, coolly) _____ (immediate, immediately).
377. Ben strummed his _____ (new, newly) guitar _____ (energetic, energetically) but not _____ (good, well).
378. The _____ (large, largely) delivery van runs _____ (smooth, smoothly), so its contents remain in _____ (good, well) condition.
379. Our show’s _____