O., Williams, F., Valdes, A., Hart, D. J., Malkin, I., Spector, T. D., & Livshits, G. (2014). Association of interleukin‐6 gene polymorphisms with hand osteoarthritis and hand osteoporosis. Cytokine, 69, 94–101.
27 Bogduk, N., Aprill, C., & Derby, R. (2013). Lumbar discogenic pain: State‐of‐the‐art review. Pain Medicine, 14, 813–836.
28 Bongers, P. M., Ijmker, S., Heuvel, S., & Blatter, B. M. (2006). Epidemiology of work related neck and upper limb problems: Psychosocial and personal risk factors (part I) and effective interventions from a bio behavioural perspective (part II). Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 16(3), 279–302.
29 Bove, G. M., Delany, S. P., Hobson, L., Cruz, G. E., Harris, M. Y., Amin, M., & Barbe, M. F. (2019). Manual therapy prevents onset of nociceptor activity, sensorimotor dysfunction, and neural fibrosis induced by a volitional repetitive task. Pain, 160(3), 632–644. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001443
30 Bovenzi, M., Schust, M., & Mauro, M. (2017). An overview of low back pain and occupational exposures to whole‐body vibration and mechanical shocks. La Medicina Del Lavoro, 108, 419–433.
31 Bovenzi, M., Schust, M., Menzel, G., Prodi, A., & Mauro, M. (2015). Relationships of low back outcomes to internal spinal load: A prospective cohort study of professional drivers. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 88, 487–499.
32 Breivik, H., Collett, B., Ventafridda, V., & R., C., & Gallacher, D. (2005). Survey of chronic pain in Europe: Prevalence, impact on daily life and treatment. European Journal of Pain, 10, 287–333.
33 Bureau of Labor Statistics News, United States Department of Labor (2001). Lost‐Worktime Injuries and Illnesses: Characteristics and Resulting Days Away From Work. http://www.bls.gov/iif/home.htm.
34 Bureau of Labor Statistics (2015). Type of injury or illness and body parts affected by nonfatal injuries and illnesses in 2014. The Economics Daily. https://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2015/type‐of‐injury‐or‐illness‐and‐body‐parts‐affected‐by‐nonfatal‐injuries‐and‐illnesses‐in‐2014.htm
35 Bureau of Labor Statistics (2018). Back injuries prominent in work‐related musculoskeletal disorder cases in 2016. The Economics Daily. https://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2018/back‐injuries‐prominent‐in‐work‐related‐musculoskeletal‐disorder‐cases‐in‐2016.htm
36 Burton, C. C. (2014). Diagnosing and managing carpal tunnel syndrome in primary care. The British Journal of General Practice, 64, 262–263.
37 Byeon, J., Kim, J., Jeong, H., Sim, Y., Kim, D., Choi, J., & Kim, G. (2013). Degenerative changes of spine in helicopter pilots. Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine, 37, 706.
38 Byström, S., Hall, C., Welander, T., & Kilbom, Å. (1995). Clinical disorders and pressure‐pain threshold of the forearm and hand among automotive assembly line workers. Journal of Hand Surgery, 20, 782–790.
39 Cardona, A., Thiese, M., Kapellusch, J., Merryweather, A., Wood, E., & Hegmann, K. (2019). Role of biomechanical factors in resolution of carpal tunnel syndrome among a population of workers. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 61, 340–346.
40 Casazza, B. (2012). Diagnosis and treatment of acute low back pain. American Family Physician, 85, 343–350.
41 Chawla, J. (2018). Low back pain and sciatica. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1144130‐overview
42 Chen, J.‐C., Chan, W., Katz, J., Chang, W., & Christian, D. (2004). Occupational and personal factors associated with acquired lumbar spondylolisthesis of urban taxi drivers in. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 61, 992–998.
43 Chikenji, T., Gingery, A., Zhao, C., Passe, S. M., Ozasa, Y., Larson, D., & Amadio, P. C. (2014). Transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐beta) expression is increased in the subsynovial connective tissues of patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome. Journal of Orthopaedic Research : Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society, 32(1), 116–122. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.22485
44 Christ, W., & Dupuis, H. (1966). Uber die Beanspruchung die Wirbelsaule unter dem Einfluss sinusforminger und stochastischer Schwingungen. Internationale Zeitschrift für Angewandte Physiologie, Einschliesslich Arbeitsphysiologie, 22, 258–278.
45 Clark, B. D., Al‐Shatti, T. A., Barr, A. E., Amin, M., & Barbe, M. F. (2004). Performance of a high‐repetition, high‐force task induces carpal tunnel syndrome in rats. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 34(5), 244–253. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2004.34.5.244
46 Clark, B. D., Barr, A. E., Safadi, F. F., Beitman, L., Al‐Shatti, T., Amin, M., & Barbe, M. F. (2003). Median nerve trauma in a rat model of work‐related musculoskeletal disorder. Journal of Neurotrauma, 20(7), 681–695. https://doi.org/10.1089/089771503322144590
47 Clarke, M. L. (1998). The histopathology of de Quervain’s disease. Journal of Hand Surgery, 23B, 732–734.
48 Cohen, S. P. (2015). Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of neck pain. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 90(2), 284–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.09.008
49 Contreras, O., Rebolledo, D. L., Oyarzun, J. E., Olguin, H. C., & Brandan, E. (2016). Connective tissue cells expressing fibro/adipogenic progenitor markers increase under chronic damage: relevance in fibroblast‐myofibroblast differentiation and skeletal muscle fibrosis. Cell Tissue Res, 364(3), 647–660. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441‐015‐2343‐0
50 Cote, J. N. (2014). Adaptations to neck/shoulder fatigue and injuries. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 826, 205–228. https://doi.org/10.1007/978‐1‐4939‐1338‐1_13
51 Cote, P., Cassidy, J. D., & Carroll, L. (1998). The Saskatchewan health and back pain survey. The prevalence of neck pain and related disability in Saskatchewan adults. Spine, 23. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632‐199808010‐00015
52 Cunningham, L., & Kelsey, J. (1984). Epidemiology of musculoskeletal impairments and associated disability. American Journal of Public Health, 74, 574–579.
53 Cutts, S. (2007). Cubital tunnel syndrome. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 83(975), 28–31. https://doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.2006.047456
54 da Costa, B., & Vieira, E. (2010). Risk factors for work. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 53, 285–323.
55 Dale, A. M., Harris‐Adamson, C., Rempel, D., Gerr, F., Hegmann, K., Silverstein, B., & Merlino, L. (2013). Prevalence and incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome in US working populations: pooled analysis of six prospective studies. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 39(5), 495.
56 Dennett, X., & Fry, H. J. (1988). Overuse syndrome: a muscle biopsy study. Lancet, 1(8591), 905–908.
57 Descatha, A., Dale, A. M., Franzblau, A., Coomes, J.,& Evanoff, B. (2010). Diagnostic strategies using physical examination are minimally useful in defining carpal tunnel syndrome in population‐based research studies. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 67, 133–135.
58 Descatha,