for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
Gonzalo de Gonzalo, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
Arnald Grabulosa, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, and Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Syuzanna R. Harutyunyan, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
Freya M. Harvey, School of Natural Sciences, Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
Yujiro Hayashi, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Kazuaki Ishihara, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
Haruro Ishitani,Green & Sustainable Chemistry Social Cooperation Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Loránd Kiss, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
Shū Kobayashi, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan and Green & Sustainable Chemistry Social Cooperation Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Kazuaki Kudo, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Azusa Kondoh, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Jie Li, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
Xiao‐Bing Lu, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
Jiyuan Lyu, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris Saclay, Gif‐sur‐Yvette, France
Dengke Ma, ICIQ – Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, Tarragona, Spain
Géraldine Masson, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris Saclay, Gif‐sur‐Yvette, France
Mercedes Medio‐Simón, Department of Organic Chemistry, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
Paolo Melchiorre, ICIQ – Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, Tarragona, Spain and ICREA – Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
Edward Miller, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
Patrick J. Moon, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
Attila M. Remete, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary and Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
Antoni Riera, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain and Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
Yonggui Robin Chi, Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore and Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
Tomislav Rovis, Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
Yuki Saito,Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Daniel M. Sedgwick, Department of Organic Chemistry, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
Yangyang Shen, Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
Takanori Shibata, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
Brian M. Stoltz, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
Bin Tan, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
Ken Tanaka, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
Masahiro Terada, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
F. Dean Toste, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
Muhammet Uyanik, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
Xavier Verdaguer, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain and Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
Anton Vidal‐Ferran, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain and Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Hongling Wang, Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
Tomasz Wdowik, Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg‐August‐Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
Thomas Hin‐Fung Wong, ICIQ – Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, Tarragona, Spain
Shaohua Xiang, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
Jia‐Lei Yan, Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Xiao Zhang, Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
1 ASYMMETRIC ENAMINE AND IMINIUM ION CATALYSIS
Yujiro Hayashi
Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
1.1. INTRODUCTION
Enamines are key reactive species in many asymmetric organocatalytic reactions. The field of asymmetric catalytic reactions involving an enamine as a reactive intermediate dates back to the seminal work in the 1970s on proline‐mediated intramolecular aldol reaction of triketone reported by Hajos and Parrish at Hoffmann‐La Roche [1] and Eder, Sauer, and Wiechert at Schering AG [2] (Eq. 1.1). In 2000, List, Lerner, and Barbas reported a proline‐mediated intermolecular aldol reaction (Eq. 1.2) [3], in which enamine is a key intermediate. In the same year, MacMillan reported a Diels‐Alder reaction catalyzed by a chiral imidazolidinone via an