Nanovaccines in Human Health 17.6 Nanovaccines in Animal Health 17.7 Constraints in the Development and Application 17.8 Issues Related to Product Application 17.9 Characteristics of Nanoparticles Applicable to Public Health 17.10 Conclusion References
22 18 Functionalization of Nanobiomaterials in Nanovaccinology 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Characteristics of Functionalized Bionanoparticles 18.3 Functionalization of NPs 18.4 Nanomaterials for Vaccine Synthesis 18.5 Role of the Surface of NPs on Vaccine Development 18.6 Nanovaccines: Routes of Administration 18.7 Nanovaccines for Different Applications 18.8 Emulsions 18.9 Nanogels 18.10 Virus-Like Particles (VLP) 18.11 Applications of Novel Nanovaccines 18.12 Applications of Functionalized Nanovaccines 18.13 Pros and Cons of Using Vaccines 18.14 Future Aspects 18.15 Conclusions References
23 19 Oral Nanovaccines Delivery for Clinical Trials and Commercialization 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Barriers to Oral Vaccines 19.3 Evolution of Oral Nanovaccines 19.4 Oral Delivery of Nanovaccines 19.5 Immune Response to Oral Nanovaccines 19.6 Oral Nanovaccines Carriers 19.7 Formulation Strategies and Characterization of Oral Nanovaccines 19.8 Regulations and Challenges for Oral Nanovaccines Delivery 19.9 Future Perspectives 19.10 Conclusion References
24 Index
List of Tables
1 Chapter 2Table 2.1 A list of targeted delivery tools used against pathogens and diseases.Table 2.2 Some commercial nanomaterial products approved by FDA and EMA.
2 Chapter 3Table 3.1 Types of nanovaccines against superbugs.
3 Chapter 4Table 4.1 WHO-approved SARS-CoV2 vaccines.Table 4.2 SARS-CoV2 vaccines in Phase 4 clinical trials.
4 Chapter 8Table 8.1 Antibacterial effect of 2C6NA nanocrystals.Table 8.2 Fungal approach of 2C6NA nanocrystals.Table 8.3 Antioxidant and antidiabetic data of 2C6NA nanocrystals.Table 8.4 Details of samples received for the study.Table 8.5 Concentrations used for the study.
5 Chapter 9Table 9.1 Data of SXRD of BGLBMH crystals.Table 9.2 Milling of BGLBMH crystals for nanoscaling.Table 9.3 AD of macro, nano BGLBMH crystals.Table 9.4 Influx of macro, nano BGLBMH crystals.Table 9.5 AO of macro, nano BGLBMH crystals.
6 Chapter 10Table 10.1 Energy densities of crystals of N2MNM4MBH.Table 10.2 Antidiabetic effects of both scales.
7 Chapter 11Table 11.1 ZnO-MIZN—antibacterial activity.Table 11.2 Phase composition, structural, and microstructural parameters as obta...Table 11.3 Magnetic properties of biogenic ZnO nano powders.
8 Chapter 12Table 12.1 Interaction energies and surface info of 2F5NA.Table 12.2 Biouses of 2F5NA crystals.
9 Chapter 13Table 13.1 Antidiabetic data for macro and nano AMPHB crystals.Table 13.2 Anti-inflammatory data for macro and nano AMPHB crystals.Table 13.3 Anti-fungal activity for macro and nano AMPHB crystals.
10 Chapter 14Table 14.1 XRD of CPDMDP macro crystals.Table 14.2 Influx of macro, nano CPDMDP crystals.Table 14.3 AD of macro, nano CPDMDP crystals.Table 14.4 AO of macro, nano CPDMDP crystals.
11 Chapter 16Table 16.1 Results of viability test for HeLa cell line after treatment by AgNPs...Table 16.2 Bactericidal activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized by Mangifer...Table 16.3 Fungicidal activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized by Mangifera ...
12 Chapter 18Table 18.1 NPs associated nanovaccines and their applications.Table 18.2 Natural andsynthetic sources of nanovaccines.
13 Chapter 19Table 19.1 Commercially available oral vaccines with details.
List of Illustrations
1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 The interactions of NPs with the target antigen. Reproduced (adapted)...Figure 1.2 Antigens are delivered to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) using surfa...Figure 1.3 The size comparison of various biological systems used in nanovaccino...Figure 1.4 A schematic illustration of various NPs that have been used as vaccin...
2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 An illustration of key nanomaterial-based drug delivery tools.Figure 2.2 A schematic showing the nanomaterial-based targeted delivery of drug/...
3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Schematic representation of biomimetic membranes and adjuvants as vac...Figure 3.2 Schematic representation of outer membrane vesicle (OMV) coated AuNPs...
4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Types of biomimetic nanovaccines [10].Figure 4.2 Schematic representation of separable microneedle patch [19].
5 Chapter 5Figure