Рациональность. Что это, почему нам ее не хватает и чем она важна. Стивен Пинкер

из ее частей.

      51

      Donaldson, Doubleday, et al. 2011; Tetlock & Gardner 2015.

      52

      Kaplan 1994.

      53

      Снижение числа войн, уровня преступности, доли бедных и распространенности болезней: Pinker 2011; Pinker 2018.

      54

      Tversky & Kahneman 1983.

      55

      Gould 1988.

      56

      Цит. по Tversky & Kahneman 1983, p. 308.

      57

      Tversky & Kahneman 1983, p. 313.

      58

      Цит. по Hertwig & Gigerenzer 1999.

      59

      Hertwig & Gigerenzer 1999.

      60

      Hertwig & Gigerenzer 1999; Tversky & Kahneman 1983.

      61

      Kahneman & Tversky 1996.

      62

      Mellers, Hertwig, & Kahneman 2001.

      63

      Purves & Lotto 2003.

      64

      Промахи искусственного интеллекта: Marcus & Davis 2019.

      65

      Pinker 1997/2009, chaps. 1, 4.

      66

      Pinker 2015.

      67

      Federal Aviation Administration 2016, chap. 17.

      68

      Альбом Stop Making Sense (1984).

      69

      Песня Let's Go Crazy (1984).

      70

      Обоснованное истинное убеждение и контрпримеры, демонстрирующие, что оно необходимо, но не достаточно для познания: Gettier 1963; Ichikawa & Steup 2018.

      71

      James 1890/1950.

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