The problem of the origin of writing. Андрей Тихомиров

upheaval that ended the evolution of hominids. The epochs of a reasonable man live by the consequences of this event. Therefore, all people are cognizable to each other, and all human communities within 30-40 thousand years are contemporaries. The humanitarian search is aimed at establishing the kinship of civilizations, which has a lower limit in the Paleolithic revolution. The question of where to start a culture, from Australopithecines or Cro-Magnons, three million or thirty thousand years ago, is solved by itself when they move from speculation to interpretation. Culture begins where symbolic tradition extends, where there is still material for human understanding.

      Recognition of the find testifies to the similarity of the psychic constitutions of the interpreter and his counterpart. The past changes us, but we also change it. The circle of contacts, in the perimeter of which the means of communication are being established, is called culture in the humanitarian meaning of the word. On the periphery, it is blurred and dotted in some places. The most interesting thing is happening here: the expansion of humanity, the illumination of psychological archaism.

      Who liked to compare psychoanalysis with archaeology Z.Freud found his own language on each layer of the "excavation". He considered the main achievement of the psychoanalyst's "translation activity" to be the discovery of the "language of desire", collected from dreams, slips of the tongue, descriptions, hallucinatory associations and other linguistic garbage. Here, at the limit of readability, the first mediation of a vague reality with a vague language takes place. The underlying connections of the psyche with the collective unconscious are included in the work of language on structuring the blurred zone between speech and speech, individual and collective, modern and mythical. The researcher's thought, starting from the plane of the readable into the sphere of the unlit, inevitably finds equivalents to its semi-formed states somewhere on the edge of history. The humanitarian manages to include layers of his barely probed subconscious in communication with prehistory. The emanation of the humanitarian mind into the underlying darkness has the character of a semantic humanization of physical and physiological facts supplied by natural science. The subtraction of "human, too human" in piles of material, seemingly devoid of a sign of animation, means the expansion of the human in man and the humanitarian in science.