Чарльз Диккенс

Оливер Твистнинг бошидан кечирганлари


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– XVII asr solnomachilarining yozishicha, unda qamalib yotish «o‘limdan battar»ligi bilan mashhur bo‘lgan qadimiy axloq tuzatish qamoqxonasi. Bu qamoqxona 1864-yildagina buzib tashlangan.

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      Charxpalak-g‘ildirak – ko‘ndalang poyalari bo‘lgan uzun g‘o‘lasimon asbob. G‘o‘laga tepa tomonidan qimirlamaydigan qilib dastasi bor kengbar taxta o‘rnatilgan, ana shu dastaklarni ushlab olgan ishchilar poyalarni bosib, g‘o‘lani harakatga keltirganlar; charxpalak-g‘ildirak birorta mexanizmga ulangan. Angliya qamoqxonalari va mehnat uylarida charxpalak-g‘ildirakni aylantirish jazo tariqasida belgilangan.

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      Lo‘yayu hakka – o‘g‘rilar lahjasida: bir shilling va yarim penni.

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      «Farishta» – Londonning rayonlaridan biri – Izlingtondagi mashhur qovoqxona.

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      Soqqacha – Angliyada bolalarning sevgan o‘yini.

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      Volan – tennisga o‘xshagan o‘yin, farqi shundaki, unda koptok o‘rnida pat qadalgan po‘kak ishlatiladi.

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      Panch – ingliz qo‘girchoq teatrining qahramoni.

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      Nyuget – Londondagi jinoyatchilar qamaladigan markaziy turma. Dikkens «Barnebi Raj» romanida tasvirlangan Londondagi «lord Gordon isyoni» (1780) paytlarida qisman vayron qilingan, so‘ngra ta’mir etilgan, 1877-yili esa yopilgan.

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      Qamish sham – piligi qamish o‘zagidan yasalgan mum sham.

      25

      Papilyotka – sochni jingalak qilish uchun ishlatiladigan qog‘oz. (Tarj.)

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      Retklif katta yo‘li – Londonning ulkan doklaridan shimol tomonda joylashgan ishchilar dahasidagi uzundan-uzun ko‘cha qadimda shunday atalgan.

      27

      Kribbedj – ommaviy qarta o‘yini.

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      Qizil fonus – Dikkens zamonasida vrachlarning «lavha» – belgisi.

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