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«Наука дедукции» Шерлока Холмса. Современный взгляд


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Holmes, Peirce. Bloomington. Indiana University Press. 1983. P. 59.

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      Позитивизм (от лат. positivus положительный) направление в философии, политике, экономике, этике, педагогике, историографии и литературе XIX столетия, представители которого, критикуя разнообразные формы идеализма, признавали науку в качестве единственного прочного фундамента научного, технического и социального прогресса и отстаивали единство научного метода. Основоположнику позитивизма и создателю социологии, французскому мыслителю Огюсту Конту (1798-1857) принадлежат слова, выражающие кредо этого течения, «наука сама себе философия».

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