Фредерик Барбье

Европа Гутенберга. Книга и изобретение западного модерна (XIII–XVI вв.)


Скачать книгу

id="n_59">

      59

      Fédou R. Les Hommes de loi lyonnais à la fin du Moyen Âge, Paris, 1964.

      60

      de La Roncière С. De la ville à l’État régional: la constitution du territoire (XIVe-XVe siècle) // Florence et la Toscane, op. cit., Rennes, 2004, p. 15–38.

      61

      Bourdieu P. La Distinction: critique sociale du jugement, 2e éd., Paris, 1979 («Le sens commun»).

      62

      Шантийи, музей Конде, ms 65. Воспроизведено на: http://humanities.uchicago.edu/images/heures/ heures.html. Meiss M. French painting in the time of Jean de Berry, London, 1969.

      63

      Музей Штедель, Франкфурт-на-Майне.

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