Брендан Симмс

Европа. Борьба за господство


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      311

      Об изгнании аккадцев как “этнической чистке” см. Geoffrey Plank, An unsettled conquest. The British campaign against the peoples of Acadia (Philadelphia, 2001), pp. 140–57.

      312

      Quoted in H. M. Scott, The emergence of the eastern powers, 1756–1775 (Cambridge, 2001), p. 26.

      313

      Erich Everth, Die Öffentlichkeit in der Aussenpolitik von Karl V. bis Napoleon (Jena, 1931), pp. 355–60 (quotation p. 360).

      314

      D. A. Baugh, The global Seven Years War, 1754–1763. Britain and France in a great power contest (Harlow, 2011).

      315

      В отечественной историографии после С. М. Соловьева установилось обозначение «Клостерсевенское соглашение»: эту конвенцию подписали в Цевенском монастыре (клостере). Примеч. ред.

      316

      Helmut Neuhaus, ‘Das Problem der militärischen Exekutive in der spätphase des Alten Reiches’, in Johannes Kunisch (ed.), Staatsverfassung und Heeresverfassung in der europäischen Geschichte der Frühen Neuzeit (Berlin, 1986), pp. 297–346 (quotations pp. 297 and 299).

      317

      Philip Carter, ‘An “effeminate” or “efficient” nation? Masculinity and eighteenth century social documentary’, Textual Practice, 11 (1997), pp. 429–43 (quotation p. 429).

      318

      Matthew McCormack, ‘The new militia: war, politics and gender in 1750s Britain’, Gender & History, 19 (2007), pp. 483–500 (quotation p. 497).

      319

      Erica Charters, ‘The caring fiscal military state during the Seven Years War, 1756–1763’, Historical Journal, 52 (2009), pp. 921–41, especially pp. 937–40 (quotation p. 939).

      320

      H. M. Scott, ‘The decline of France and the transformation of the European states system, 1756–1792’, in Peter Krüger and Paul W. Schroeder (eds.), The transformation of European politics, 1763–1848. Episode or model in modern history? (Oxford, 1996), pp. 105–28 (Voltaire quotation p. 114).

      321

      John Shovlin, The political economy of virtue. Luxury, patriotism and the origins of the French Revolution (Ithaca and London, 2006), pp. 54–5.

      322

      Quoted in Bailey Stone, The genesis of the French Revolution. A global-historical interpretation (Cambridge, 1994), p. 55. See also T. C. W. Blanning, The French Revolutionary Wars, 1787–1802 (London, 1996).

      323

      Brendan Simms, ‘William Pitt the Elder. Strategic leadership at home and abroad during the great war for the empires (1756–1763)’, in Simms and Urbach (eds.), Die Rückkehr der ‘Grossen Männer’, pp. 29–48, especially pp. 32–4.

      324

      Brendan Simms, ‘Pitt and Hanover’, in Brendan Simms and Torsten Riotte (eds.), The Hanoverian dimension in British history, 1714–1837 (Cambridge, 2007), pp. 28–57 (quotation p. 55).

      325

      «Сомнения и вопросы» (фр.). Примеч. ред.

      326

      Gary Savage, ‘Favier’s heirs: the French Revolution and the secret du roi’, Historical Journal, 41 (1998), pp. 225–58.

      327

      Hamish Scott, ‘The Seven Years War and Europe’s ancien régime’, War in History, 18 (2011), pp. 419–55.

      328

      Quoted in Hugh Ragsdale, ‘Russian projects of conquest in the eighteenth century’, in Ragsdale (ed.), Imperial Russian foreign policy (Cambridge, 1993), p. 76.

      329

      Quoted in Externbrink, Friedrich der Grosse, p. 339.

      330

      О кризисе французской аристократии после Семилетней войны: William Doyle, Aristocracy and its enemies in the Age of Revolution (Oxford, 2009), pp. 57, 83 and passim.

      331

      Gabriel B. Paquette, Enlightenment, governance and reform in Spain and its empire, 1759–1808 (Basingstoke, 2008).

      332

      J. H. Elliott, Empires of the Atlantic World. Britain and Spain in America, 1492–1830 (New Haven and London, 2006), p. 299.

      333

      D. R. Murray, ‘Statistics of the slave trade to Cuba, 1790–1867’, Journal of Latin American Studies, 3, 2 (1971), pp. 131–49. I am grateful to Carrie Gibson and Felicitas Becker for very useful conversations on this subject.

      334

      Evelyn Powell Jennings, ‘War as the “forcing house of change”: state slavery in late-eighteenth-century Cuba’, William and Mary Quarterly, Third Series, LXII (2005), 411–40.

      335

      Scott, Emergence of the eastern powers, pp. 76 and 79.

      336

      Manfred Schort, Politik und Propaganda. Der Siebenjährige Krieg in den zeitgenössischen Flugschriften (Frankfurt am Main, 2006), p. 463.

      337

      Hans-Martin Blitz, Aus Liebe zum Vaterland. Die deutsche Nation im 18. Jahrhundert (Hamburg, 2000), pp. 160–67 (quotation p. 165).

      338

      Quoted in Neuhaus, ‘Das Problem der militärischen Exekutive’, p. 301.

      339

      ‘The Instructions to the Commissioners for Composing a New Code of Laws’, Moscow, 30 July 1767, in William F. Reddaway (ed.), Documents of Catherine the Great. The correspondence with Voltaire and the Instruction of 1767 in the English text of 1768 (Cambridge, 1931), pp. 216–17.

      340

      Quoted in Scott, Emergence of the eastern powers, p. 99.

      341

      Franz A. J. Szabo, Kaunitz and enlightened absolutism, 1753–1780 (Cambridge, 1994), p. 76. I am grateful to Daniel Robinson for this reference.

      342

      Kathleen Wilson, The sense of the people. Politics, culture and imperialism in England, 1715–1785 (Cambridge, 1995), pp. 215–16.

      343

      Michael