id="n2">
2
The gas Carbonic acid consists of one part of Carbon and two of Oxygen. It is invisible, just as are the gaseous states of many liquids and solids. Water-vapour is not visible, though water (liquid) and ice can of course be seen. Starch, sugar, cell wall substance, etc., all contain Carbon, Oxygen, and Hydrogen. Vegetable fat is not well understood, but starch helps to form it.
3
The ascent is assisted by the osmotic absorption of water at the root and by evaporation at the leaves.
4
This is still the custom in the huts of the wizard or medicine-man in West Africa, where one finds small cushions stuck over with all sorts of poisonous plants, bits of human bones, and other loathsome accessories.
5
Cooke,
6
The same "woad" which was used by the Britons to paint themselves with.
7
Lascelles,
8
Bonnier,
10
"Guarda il calor del sol che si fa vino
Giunto all' umor che dalla vite cola."
He is speaking of wine – that "lovable blood," as he describes it.
11
Hartig finds the specific gravity of the wood in a tree is increased from 0-60 to 0.74 when the surrounding wood has been cut down. —
12
Bonnier,
13
Bonnier,
14
Dunlop House, Kilmarnock.
15
It will be remembered that they were obliged to keep the sacred fire always burning, and were put to death if they misbehaved. The fire was never allowed to go out during the whole of Roman history, and the custom has been even preserved in some Roman Catholic convents and chapels.
16
17
Munro,
18
19
Niven,
20
Boyd Watt,
21
The Romans used it for ships' masts and spars.
22
Most of these interesting details are found in Boulger's valuable treatise on "Wood."
23
Compare the report by the Society of Arts.
24
25
The historical account by Bonnier,
26
The pollen from the great pine forests of the Italian Alps blown up to the snow becomes used in nourishing the Pink or Red Snow Algæ, which colours it a delicate rose-pink. In lower grounds all such pollen becomes, like leaf-mould, a manure for other plants. There is no
27
28
Buscalioni e Traverso,
29
Von Buttel,
30
Linnæus and many others have made Floral Clocks. Kerner,
31
Huck,
32
33
Compare Shelley, who watched all day "the yellow bees in the ivy bloom," but he "did not heed what things they be." Moreover, though he appreciated the general spirit of the bee, it is very unlikely that he saw any of them on the Ivy!
34
Kerner and Oliver,
35
36
Lilienfeld,
37
If the growing part itself touches a stone it curves round the stone, not away from it – the reverse of the reaction at the tip!
38
Pfeffer,
39
This weed is a cure for gout, and seems to have been called Bishopsweed because it was supposed that gout was a common ailment of bishops!
40
By the classical researches of Rimbach.
41
Scott Elliot and Fingland,
42
See Rimbach's researches.
43
Schimper,