warming pilgrims in the cold season (days), etc.
11) Candle box, literally – a church shop. Theoretically, trade here does not happen, but donations are made to the temple. In theory, in case of extreme need, you can ask for a candle for free. Practically, (nowadays) trade in various goods (wine, candles, books), including quite secular calendars, paintings, is also being conducted in the middle part of the temple.
12) The porch (from the Latin atrium, ater – “smoked”, “black”, the room blackened by soot, or from the Latin pauper – “poor”) – a platform in front of the inner porch of the church, in which in the first centuries of Christianity there were crying and repentant. The first temple elevation. Usually in the middle of the porch there was a pool in which believers washed their hands and face, before entering the church. The usual place for beggars to ask for alms.
3. Symbolic meaning of the architecture of the temple:
1) The porch. The face of the earth’s being.
2) The stages of the ascent from the earthly to the heavenly.
3) The heavenly realm of earthly existence
4) Visible Sky
5) The main part of the temple
6) Amvon – the region of representation (meeting) of each other to Heaven and Earth
7) The dome above the altar is a symbolic and real Kingdom of Heaven
8) The throne is the throne of the Heavenly King
Protestant churches (temples), despite their influence (the United States, England, in all around the world 800 million people), usually do not differ richly decorated. There is no icon-worship, veneration of the relics of the saints: accordingly, there are no icons in the building, or arches with relics. Attitude to the saints, at the same time, respectful. The building of the church can be any leased public building. In the altar there is a table stretched across the hall, with books of the Old and New Testaments, and lamps. Here, with the sermons of the Padres (the Father), the liturgy, communion and baptism are held. The two sacraments are the only ones recognized by this denomination. Much attention is paid here to solving the worldly problems of parishioners, unraveling family conflicts, quarrels of neighbors, etc. (faith without deeds is dead). Protestants (from Latin “publicly proving”) are usually not in some kind of confrontation with the Jewish religion, such as Orthodox and Catholics, see the state of Israel as an important field of God’s activities until the second coming of Jesus Christ.
The priest, as a rule, is elected, from among the most respected parishioners. Apostolic succession (elevation to the rank through ordination, that is, consecration) is absent.
4. The synagogue (the other Greek “assembly”, or the Hebrew beyte knes – “house of assembly”, it is also “meadat meat” – “small sanctuary”) – the place of public worship, the center of religious life (Jewish) community.
1. Entrance, a place for a washbasin (washing of hands). On the door frame is attached a case with a fragment from the Torah, mezuzah – before it the parishioner should be touched. This case can be recognized by the initial letter, one of the names of God – “Shaddai”, somewhat resembling the Russian “Sh”. This (but not necessarily mandatory) rule extends to private Jewish dwellings. Married women enter the sanctuary, usually with something covered (wig, headscarf, etc.) head and. Women’s pants, calling clothes, neckline – are not welcome. Men are wearing a headdress in the synagogue (and, in general, outside it): it is a symbol of recognizing the power of God.
2.3. Prayer rooms on the edges of the prayer hall. Sacred texts, relics, memorable photographs can be placed here. This interior helps to increase the useful area of the walls of the sanctuary, and also creates conditions for more trusting communication among parishioners, including discussion of earthly matters, etc. Men and women, usually only during prayer, gather separately. This custom does not work during a festive meal or a concert (once again, yes: the synagogue, in spite of its high sacral value, is not the Temple, but only the House of Assembly).
4. Bima or almear. The elevation in the center of the synagogue, with a table where the chosen minister (rabbi, hazzan, or another worthy parishioner) reads the Torah and (usually the final public reading) excerpts from the book of the Prophets – Gaftary. Sometimes readers (called by parishioners) can replace each other.
5. In some cases, the bima has a fenced passage to the synagogue ark (6), or merges with it. In this place are located lamps.
6. The Synagogue Ark, Hebrew. aron kodash. The symbolic reflection of the Ark of the Covenant, the cabinet in which the Torah scrolls are located. When you open the doors of the ark, those present, if they sit, stand up. The most important prayers are pronounced before the open (Celestial Gate) cabinet.
7. Above the ark is the Unquenchable lamp, ner tamid, the symbol of the Menorah, the oil (golden, seven-barrel) lamp of the Temple. Neramid, ideally, should burn all night, just like the Menorah in the Temple, and (preferably) also a day.
5. Mosque (the Arab “place of worship”). The first mosque is a cubic building in Mecca, Kaaba (Arab “Cube”), or also “Beitou-Llah” – “House of God”. During the annual hajj (pilgrimage), believers seven times bypass the sanctuary (ritual tawaf – “circumvention”), pronouncing prayers, asking for mercy and forgiveness.
Inside the Kaaba there are three columns; two lamps, a table, walls and floors made of marble. The upper inner walls of the Kaaba are closed by a curtain on which the shahada is written. Shahada, the symbol of the faith of Muslims, reads like this: “I testify that there is no other God except Allah, and I also testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.”
The meaning of the last words is the rejection of other beliefs in the same spirit, from the multitude of other preachers who preach their teachings in pre-Islamic times, and so interfere with each other.
1) Pond for bathing before prayer (prayer).
2) The main prayer hall (for men). Ahead are the venerable elders, then to the entrance – middle-aged people and youth. The floors are carpeted. On the walls are excerpts from the Koran. Images of living beings are forbidden. Namaz includes waist and earthly obeisances (sitting on the knees), praising Allah (“Allahu Akbar”), lifting palms to the sky, while thumbs touch the earlobes, reading the suras of the Koran …
3) For women, a separate room is set up, or a balcony with an opaque curtain.
4) Minbar – tribune, the department with which the imam reads Friday’s sermon. The Imam – “standing in front” is also “an example for imitation” – a clergyman, the head of the mosque, who directs the general prayer, performs the rites.
Trebas are sacred actions and prayers, performed by a priest at the request (request, order) of individual parishioners.
Imam in prayer can be any worthy Muslim who knows the Koran well, regardless of his social status. This service (usually without interruption from the conduct of any other activity, which gives daily bread) promotes the multilateral development of man. Imams are often teachers (mentors), interlocutors, writers, etc.
In Shiites, the imam (the supreme imam) who has the right to interpret the Koran and guide believers can only be (blood) heirs of the cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet, Abu Talib. “Small Imams”, ie, in the Sunni tradition, imams are appointed fuqaha (people who have a special theological education for service in the mosque). Hereditary right and appointment instead of elections are practiced, first of all, in Iraq, among Shiites, and also part of Saudi Arabia.
Mulla is a connoisseur of the ritual, the teacher of the madrasah and, also, the imam.
Muezzin (“screaming in public”) is an assistant to the Imam. Being on a high minaret, the muezzin calls on Muslims to perform compulsory prayer.
Kadi has the status above the imam of the mosque, and is the head of the