Артур Данто

Что такое искусство? (сборник)


Скачать книгу

как произведение живописи и картина как изображение, не обязательно живописное.

      5

      Цит. по: Бретон А. Манифест сюрреализма / пер. Л. Андреева и Г. Косикова // Называть вещи своими именами: Программные выступления мастеров западноевропейской литературы XX века. М.: Прогресс, 1986. С. 56.

      6

      Цитата взята из кн.: Baldwin J.M. Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology. New York: Macmillan, 1901. P. 55–56.

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