The Artist’s Watercolour Problem Solver. The Magazine Artist

       Evening Tide, Largo Bay

      10 × 21.5 cm (4 × 8¹/₂ in)

      I allowed myself only 40 minutes to complete this painting. The discipline of working to a fixed time encourages freshness in any painting.

       USE CLEAN WATER!

      It is impossible to produce clean, lively paintings using dirty paint brushes and water. I know this seems obvious, but it can be forgotten about. Before starting to paint, rinse your brushes out in clean water to get rid of any accumulated paint. A wash can be ruined if brushes are not clean.

      Given that water dirties very quickly, how can you keep it fresh? The answer is not to use just one small water jar. You need a water source for cleaning brushes, and another for colour mixing. Use a plastic bucket of water in which to rinse your brushes, and a smaller jar to hold clean water for mixing. Make sure that you replenish this smaller jar regularly.

      If you follow some, or all, of the advice in this chapter you will eliminate any ‘tiredness’ in your paintings. This will give you more pleasure from your work, as well as improving its quality.

       Seascape

      18.5 × 11.5 cm (7¹/₄ × 4¹/₂ in)

      This small painting was started with a variegated wash onto damp paper. This encouraged colours to flow together in a clean and spontaneous way. After allowing this first wash to dry, other washes were laid on top to suggest mountain and wave forms. The white highlights were scratched out with a sharp blade.

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      START TO FINISH

       Why do I have problems working up a satisfactory finished picture from an exciting sketchbook study?

      Answered by:

       Judi Whitton

      Racing home, we rounded the bend. Suddenly, before us was the most lovely subject for a painting. We quickly parked. Time was limited, so out with the sketchbook, and I made a hasty study in pencil with just the essential details – a little tonal shading and a few colour notes. I took a photograph and jumped back in the car and we carried on with our journey.

       Winter Scene

      15 × 20.5 cm (6 × 8 in)

      It was a dull, rainy day. I sketched from the car and there was little tonal contrast. It all seemed very unpromising but my sketch (right) became a challenge. I tried to compensate for the narrow tonal range and emphasized any local colour. Above all, I stopped while the painting still had the ‘sketchbook feeling’.

       FROM SKETCH TO PAINTING

      Some time later, back in the studio, I used my sketch as a reference to complete a successful watercolour painting that exactly portrayed my impression of what I had seen.

      Or did I? In fact, it is most unlikely! In the ideal world this is what is expected; after all, Turner produced some stunning watercolour paintings based on little spidery sketches. He travelled on horseback without the company of a state-of-the-art camera. So why is it so difficult? What is the missing link?

      This is the dilemma. How often have I heard a fellow artist say that they were pleased with their sketch, but disappointed with the finished painting. I have had many long and intriguing discussions about the problems that arise when working up a successful painting from a promising sketch. These problems can occur either in the studio after the sketch has been made, or outside when a sketch has been used as a preliminary to the painting.

      I do not believe that the basic problem lies in how the sketch itself is made. Whether it is a thumbnail sketch, a detailed line drawing, a tonal study or even a little painting, there seem to be many pitfalls before the final painting is produced. The problem seems to lie in how the sketch is used to produce the painting.

       Hidden Treasure

      32 × 48 cm (12¹/₂ × 19 in)

      What an irresistible subject! But I was careful in the way I painted it. The sketchbook enabled me to choose the angle I liked. As in Winter Scene, the light was so poor that a photograph was impossible, and my sketches were invaluable.

       WHICH SKETCHES SHOULD I USE?

      The first question to ask yourself is whether the subject is right for a finished painting. Some people might think that a particular subject is ideal for a sketchbook study but there is not enough ‘weight’ in it for a finished painting. The magical thing about being an artist is that there are no rules. The illustrations here show the sketch and final painting of a winter scene. I framed it like this because I felt I had finished it, even though there was not a great deal of content. I did not really have any more to say and hoped I had caught the essence of the subject. But what was most important was that this picture still had the ‘sketchbook feeling’ about it.

       HOW TO KEEP THE SKETCHBOOK FEELING’

      Is the ‘sketchbook feeling’ the missing link? What is it about an artist’s sketchbook that we all love? I have often watched artists demonstrate at our local art society. Usually they bring along a few of their finished framed pictures and then generously pass round their sketchbooks while doing the demonstration. Somehow, the sketchbooks never get very far round the room because someone in the audience becomes totally absorbed in it.

Why is it that the sketchbook is so fascinating? So often it is full of life and vigour and a sense of spontaneity, which is sometimes lacking in the framed work. Also it is a ‘private’ thing. A sketchbook is for the artist’s use. Generally it is not intended for public scrutiny, so there is a personal feeling about it. It is these qualities of spontaneity and ‘personal’ experience that you should strive to hold onto in the finished work.

       CHOOSING THE SIZE OF THE FINISHED PAINTING

      Having decided that you would like to use your sketch as the basis for a watercolour painting you then need to decide what size of paper would be best. If the sketch sits comfortably on the page it is probably useful to use a piece of paper for the finished work that is of the same proportions as the pages of the sketchbook. This seems obvious, but it does help!

      As regards the size of paper, as ever, there are no rules. I suggest that you envisage the final picture and imagine what would look best. A detailed sketch of a busy street scene can look charming as a small picture, whereas a simple expansive beach subject might be perfect on a grand scale where the brushstrokes can be bold.

       Sarah and Barbara Painting Florence

      24 × 29 cm (9¹/₂ × 11¹/₂ in)