The Puppy Listener. Jan Fennell

dog with someone who intends leading a very active outdoor life with that dog. The consequences of mismatching dogs and their owners can be awful.

      Broad personality types are often apparent early on when the litter is first formed. There are the strong characters who dominate the best feeding positions when suckling from the mother’s teats, and there are the weaker members who have been knocked away from these positions and literally have to fight for their food – and their survival. But personality is a more complex matter than this and requires a little study. With the first part of their development well under way, the five or six week mark offers the perfect opportunity to conduct a simple personality test that will answer many of your questions.

      There are all sorts of theories about how to conduct personality tests on dogs – many of them bordering on the barbaric. For instance, some people advocate pinching the dog to see how it reacts. I can think of nothing worse. The following three simple tests will give you all the information you need, without resorting to violence or cruelty.

      TESTING BY EYE

      The first clues about character come early on. By watching which puppies get to the teat first you can spot the dominant characters as well as the shy, retiring ones that get pushed to the back of the litter. This continues as the puppies emerge from under their mother’s wing. As they begin to play and interact, you may notice that one takes toys from another. Is there one that just sits there and watches while the others play? You can see that this dog is a thinker, one who will always weigh up its options in life before making its move.

      There are signals in terms of body language too, with some dogs looking to assert themselves by placing their bodies over pups they consider to be subordinate. Of course, testing by eye isn’t going to tell you everything, so there are a couple of physical tests you can try to fill in the picture.

      TESTING IN THE PALM OF THE HAND

      This is designed to test the puppy’s reaction to being lifted. It will, of course, be used to this by now, but the way it reacts each time speaks volumes.

      Lift the puppy off the ground. Place it in the palm of one hand (or two hands if it is a larger breed) and leave it there for ten seconds or so.

      • If it goes limp in your hand, it is likely to be a more relaxed personality.

      • If it starts to struggle immediately that indicates it is more stubborn and more likely to challenge you. It might also be a sign of a nervous dog.

      • If it stays there for a little while then starts to struggle, that indicates a dog who thinks about things first before acting.

      TESTING BY LYING THE PUPPY ON ITS BACK

      This is designed to test the puppy’s reaction to being turned on its back. As with the palm of the hand test, it is not something you should do for long – ten seconds at the absolute maximum.

      Lift the puppy and carefully cradle it in your arms. Placing a hand on each side, lift it up and turn it so it is lying on its back in your arms. Five distinct personality types will reveal themselves as follows.

      The defiant one

      Some puppies simply will not have it. The moment you turn them over they will immediately right themselves, and they will repeat the process every time you try. This dog is going to grow into a strong character, an alpha type. It will take strong, firm and clear leadership to keep it on the straight and narrow.

      The resistance fighter

      This one will fight you at first, but will eventually comply and lie on its back, under protest. This again is a dog that may present a few problems, but one who will respond to the right signals.

      The thinker

      Some puppies will initially lie down willingly. They will stay there for a couple of seconds then spring back upright. This indicates a dog that has weighed up the situation, come to a decision – that it doesn’t like this – and acted upon it. This is a dog that has a lot of courage and intelligence.

      The cool customer

      Some pups present no resistance whatsoever; they simply go limp and lie there. This is a chilled-out, laid-back individual. With the right guidance, this is going to be a relatively trouble-free dog.

      The bundle of nerves

      Some puppies will curl up in a ball almost foetally. This is a sure sign of nervousness in the dog. A dog that reacts this way is going to be prone to anxiety attacks when they hear loud noises or are faced with strange situations. In the worst cases, they may develop problems such as wetting themselves. By identifying them as nervous dogs, however, you can factor this personality into your life with the dog and act accordingly, hopefully avoiding problems.

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      Choose a dog with a personality type that is going to fit with the lifestyle you want to introduce it to, whether that be noisy city life or a quiet country existence, and you’ll have a head start in getting it to adapt to its new home when it gets there.

      CANINE COMPANIONSHIP

      Dogs share the human’s sense of family values. In general, they enjoy company, whether human or canine, in the home. This sociable nature may be rooted in their ancient past, when they were forming the first communities with our ancient ancestors. But it may go deeper than that. Why else would man have chosen the wolf above any other creature to domesticate first? Did they see them as more companionable than any other animal? It is food for thought.

      If you already have a dog at home and want to introduce a new one, it should be planned with care. Introducing an eight-week-old dog to an existing pack is a relatively straightforward process, but you might have more difficulty with a slightly older dog. Bringing a nine-month-old puppy into a home is the equivalent of introducing a hyperactive 12-year-old child. Older dogs, in particular, may not take kindly to their peace and quiet being disturbed.

      There are other factors to consider too, as dogs can find it hard to read signals from breeds that are physically different from them. While a toy Poodle and an Irish Wolfhound will get along together eventually, there may be a great deal of friction because of the huge differences in their physical make-up before they settle into a routine together. There’s more about dogs’ abilities to understand each other’s signals on pages 172–8.

      For all these reasons, it is advisable to introduce the new dog to its prospective pack as soon as possible. It would be ideal if you could take the existing dog or dogs to the breeder from where the eight-week-old puppy is coming and introduce them there. This has several obvious advantages. In territorial terms, it is neutral ground. The new arrival will also be amongst people who know and can control it in the event of problems. Most importantly of all, if after a few meetings there is clearly a high degree of friction between the old and new dogs, the potential owner will have the chance to think again.

      There’s more on introducing your puppy to any other dogs at home on pages 48–50.

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      The vast majority of owners take delivery of their puppy around the age of eight weeks. This is the ideal age for it to make the transition from its litter to a new human environment. As we have seen, a good breeder will have begun the process of weaning the puppy on to solid food and also toilet training it. They will have introduced the puppy to human company by handling and playing with it, and it should respond to its own name. It is now up to you to continue the good work.