The Good News of God. Charles Kingsley

as two different things; and I believe rightly, for the New Testament speaks of them as two different things.  Sin, in the New Testament, means strictly what we call “failings,” “defects” a missing the mark, a falling short; as it is written—All have sinned, and come short of the glory of God, that is, of the likeness of a perfect man. 1

      Thus, stupidity, laziness, cowardice, bad temper, greediness after pleasure—these are strictly speaking what the New Testament calls sins.  Wickedness—iniquity—seem to be harder words, and to mean worse offences.  They mean the evil things which a man does, not out of the weakness of his mortal nature, but out of his own wicked will, and what the Bible calls the naughtiness of his heart.  So wickedness means, not merely open crimes which are punishable by the law, but all which comes out of a man’s own wilfulness and perverseness—injustice (which is the first meaning of iniquity), cunning, falsehood, covetousness, pride, self-conceit, tyranny, cruelty—these seem to be what the Scripture calls wickedness.  Of course one cannot draw the line exactly, in any matters so puzzling as questions about our own souls must always be: but on the whole.  I think you will find this rule not far wrong—

      That all which comes from the weakness of a man’s soul, is sin: all which comes from abusing its strength, is wickedness.  All which drags a man down, and makes him more like a brute animal, is sin: all which puffs him up, and makes him more like a devil, is wickedness.  It is as well to bear this in mind, because a man may have a great horror of sin, and be hard enough, and too hard upon poor sinners; and yet all the time he may be thoroughly, and to his heart’s core, a wicked man.  The Pharisees of old were so.  So they are now.  Take you care that you be not like to them.  Keep clear of sin: but keep clear of wickedness likewise.

      For, says the Collect, both will hinder you in your race: perhaps cause you to break down in it, and never reach the goal at all.

      Sin will hinder you, by dragging you back.

      Wickedness will hinder you, by putting you altogether out of the right road.

      If a man be laden with sins; stupid, lazy, careless, over fond of pleasure;—much more, if he be given up to enjoying himself in bad ways, about which we all know too well—then he is like a man who starts in a race, weak, crippled, over-weighted, or not caring whether he wins or loses; and who therefore lags behind, or grows tired, or looks round, and wants to stop and amuse himself, instead of pushing on stoutly and bravely.  And therefore St. Paul bids us lay aside every weight (that is every bad habit which makes us lazy and careless), and the sin which does so easily beset us, and run with patience our appointed race, looking to Jesus, the author of our faith—who stands by to give us faith, confidence, courage to go on—Jesus, who has compassion on those who are ignorant, and out of the way by no wilfulness of their own; who can be touched with the feeling of our infirmities; who can help us, can deliver us, and who will do what he can, and do all he can.

      He can and will strengthen us, freshen us, encourage us, inspirit us, by giving us his Holy Spirit, that we may have spirit and power to run our race, day by day, and tide by tide.  And so, if he sees us weak and fainting over our work, he will baptize us with the Holy Ghost.

      And yet there are times when he will baptize a sinner not only with the Holy Ghost, but with fire—I am still speaking, mind, of a sinner, not of a wicked man.

      And when?  When he sees the man sitting down by the roadside to play, with no intention of moving on.  I do not say—if he sees the man sitting down to play at all.  God forbid!  How can a man run his life-long race—how can he even keep up for a week, a day, at doing his best at the full stretch of his power, without stopping to take breath?  I cannot, God knows.  If any man can—be it so.  Some are stronger than others: but be sure of this; that God counts it no sin in a man to stop and take breath.  ‘Press forward toward the mark of your high calling,’ St. Paul says: but he does not forbid a man to refresh and amuse himself harmlessly and rationally, from time to time, with all the pleasant things which God has put into this world.  They do refresh us, and they do amuse us, these pleasant things.  And God made them, and put them here.  Surely he put them here to refresh and amuse us.  He did not surely put them here to trap us, and snare us, and tempt us not to run the very race which he himself has set before us?  No, no, my friends.  He made pleasant things to please us, amusing things to amuse us.  Every good gift comes from him.

      But if a man thinks of nothing but amusing himself, he is like a horse who stands still in the middle of a journey, and begins feeding.  Let him do his day’s journey, and feed afterwards; and so get strength for his next day’s work.  But if he will stand still, and feed; if he will forget that he has any work at all to do; then we shall punish him, to make him go on.  And so will God do with us.  He will strike us then; and sharply too.  Much more, if a man gives himself up to sinful pleasure; if he gives himself up to a loose and profligate life, and, like many a young man, wastes his substance in riotous living, and devours his heavenly Father’s gifts with harlots—then God will strike that man; and all the more sharply the more worth and power there is in the man.  The more God has given the man, the sharper will be God’s stroke, if he deserves it.