BIRCH Betula pendulaTriangular and pointed, to 7cm long, with large teeth separated by many smaller teeth; thin and smooth when mature. Petiole hairless. Leaves turn golden yellow in autumn.
| DOWNY BIRCH Betula pubescensMore rounded at base than those of Silver Birch and more evenly toothed; white hairs in axils of veins on underside, and petiole hairy. |
| SWEET CHESTNUT Castanea sativaGlossy, lanceolate, to 25cm long, margins serrated with spine-tipped teeth, pointed at tip, and sometimes with a slightly heart-shaped base. |
| HORNBEAM Carpinus betulusOval and pointed with a rounded base, short petiole, and double-toothed margin; 15 pairs of veins, hairy below. Leaves turning yellow, through orange to russet-brown in autumn. |
| WHITEBEAM Sorbus ariaOval, to 12cm long, and very hairy, especially on white underside; 10–14 pairs of veins. |
| WAYFARING-TREE Viburnum lantanaOvate, to 14cm long, rough to touch; undersides thickly hairy with more stellate hairs. |
| SMALL-LEAVED ELM Ulmus minor ssp. minorSuperficially Hornbeam-like, leathery, to 15cm long, oval, pointed at tip, with toothed margins; unequal leaf bases, narrowly tapering on short side, and a short petiole. |
| ENGLISH ELM Ulmus proceraRounded or slightly oval with short tapering tip; base unequal, longest side not reaching beyond petiole to twig. Leaf rough to touch; petiole (1–5mm long) and midrib finely downy. |
| WYCH ELM Ulmus glabraRounded or oval, to 18cm long, with a long tapering point at tip. Base of leaf unequal; long side of leaf base extends beyond the petiole (which is 2–5mm long) to twig. Leaves feel rough; upper surface hairy, and lower surface with softer, sparser hairs. |
| HAZEL Corylus avellanaRounded, to 10cm long, with a heart-shaped base and pointed tip; margins double-toothed and upper surface hairy. Undersides of leaf veins with white hairs. Petiole short and hairy, and whole leaf has a bristly, rough feel. |
| GOAT WILLOW Salix capreaOval, to 12cm long, with a short twisted point at tip; dull green and slightly hairy above, grey and woolly below. Leaf margins have small, irregular teeth, and short petiole sometimes has 2 ear-like sinuous stipules at its base. |
| CRACK WILLOW Salix fragilisLong, very narrow and glossy, with toothed margins; lower surface less glossy and slightly paler than upper surface. Petiole short and green. |
| WHITE WILLOW Salix albaLong and very narrow, smaller than similar Crack Willow, bluish grey and silky-hairy above at first. |
| SMALL-LEAVED LIME Tilia cordataRounded, with a pointed tip, heart-shaped base and finely toothed margin, to 9cm long; dark shiny green and smooth above, paler and smooth below but with tufts of darker hairs in vein axils. Petiole smooth and up to 4cm long. |
| LIME Tilia × europaeaBroadly ovate with a short pointed tip, heart-shaped base and toothed margin, to 10cm long. Dull green above and paler below with tufts of white hairs in vein axils. |
| ASPEN Populus tremulaRounded to slightly oval, with shallow marginal teeth. Green on both surfaces, but paler below, on long, flattened petioles. In autumn, leaves may turn golden yellow. |
| BLACK-POPLAR Populus nigra ssp. betulifoliaTriangular and long-stalked with a finely toothed margin; fresh shiny green on both surfaces. |
| GREY POPLAR Populus × canescensRounded to oval with regular blunt, forward-pointing teeth; borne on long petioles. Glossy grey-green above, lower surface with a greyish-white felt. |
| HOLLY Ilex aquifoliumTough and leathery, to 12cm long, waxy above and paler below; margins variably wavy and spiny; leaves from upper branches of a large tree often flat and mostly spineless. |
LOBED AND PALMATE LEAVES
| SESSILE OAK Quercus petraeaLobed, flattened, dark green and hairless above, paler below with hairs along veins; on yellow stalks, 1–2.5cm long, and lacking auricles at the base, distinguishing them from those of Pedunculate Oak. |
| PEDUNCULATE OAK Quercus roburDeeply lobed, dark green and hairless above, with 2 auricles at the base; on very short stalks (5mm or less). |
| COMMON HAWTHORN Crataegus monogynaRoughly ovate and deeply lobed, to 4.5cm long, usually with 3 segments; lobes pointed with just a few teeth near apex. Leaves feel tough. Dark green above, paler below, with a few tufts of hairs at axils of veins. Petiole about 2cm long and tinged pink. |
| MIDLAND HAWTHORN Crataegus laevigataSuperficially similar to Common Hawthorn, to 6cm long, but not as deeply or conspicuously lobed; lobes more rounded and toothed to the base. |
| GUELDER-ROSE Viburnum opulusTo 8cm long, with 3–5 irregularly toothed lobes and thread-like stipules. Leaves often turn a deep wine-red in autumn. |
| FIELD MAPLE Acer campestreUsually strongly 3-lobed, to 12cm long; lobes themselves often have lobed margins and tufts of hair in axils of veins on underside. Newly opened leaves pinkish, becoming dark green and rather leathery later and bright yellow in autumn. |
| NORWAY MAPLE Acer platanoidesBright green, smooth, to 15cm long with 5–7 toothed and sharply pointed lobes; lowest pair of lobes smaller than others. Note white hairs in axils of veins on paler underside of leaf. |
| SYCAMORE Acer pseudoplatanusTo 15cm long, and
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