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people) a thousand years before the invasion of Darius (that is, in the middle of the second millennium BC) and were associated with the Dnieper, since their first ancestor Targitai was considered a son Zeus and nymphs – the daughter of Borisfen (Dnieper). Another legend that the Greeks told Herodotus related the origin of the Scythians to the Lower Dnieper, because the first Scythian king was Scythian – the son of Heracles and the virgin Echidna, who lived in Gilea. Both legends are interesting in that the first tells about Scythians-farmers (their symbols were a plow, yoke, ax, bowl), and the second, obviously, about steppe pastoralists (onions are called their symbols,

      belt, bowl). To date, the issue of the origin of the Scythians has not been finally resolved. As a rule, referring to the fact that the main complex of the material culture of the Scythians – the Steppes – was foreign to local traditions, the steppe Scythians are considered newcomers. At the same time, the message of Herodotus and Aristeus about the arrival of the Scythians from Asia, from the Far North, is taken into account, for Aristeus, in search of Hyperborea, visited the homeland of Apollo and left evidence about it transmitted by Herodotus, although Herodotus portrays Aristea more as a deity than as a person, looks legendary the death of Aristeus with the disappearance of the body and the clothes left by him, and the fact that Aristeus appeared later, and offered to honor himself as the crow of Apollo.

      Tribes of Scythia

      The main territory of Scythian settlement is the steppes between the lower reaches of the Danube and the Don, including the steppes of the Crimea, the areas adjacent to the Northern Black Sea coast. The northern border is the lands of the Volga region, and in the East are the regions of Altai and Tyva, and there are burial sites of Scythians in Mongolia and the territories of the Far East. (Archaeological works of Herman Pantsiger and Anatoly Nagler in Tyva. The Tunnug mound, which was studied by these scientists, is dated IX millennium BC..n. e., the very beginning of the Scythian time). The Scythians were divided into several large tribes. According to Herodotus, the royal Scythians were dominant – the easternmost of the Scythian tribes, bordering the Savromats along the Don, also occupied the steppe Crimea. Nomadic Scythians lived to the west, and farmers, Scythians-farmers lived to the west of the Dnieper. On the right bank of the Dnieper, in the basin of the Southern Bug, near the city of Olbia, there were callipids, or Hellenic-Scythians, the translation of this term is completely ambiguous and is more connected with religion, north of them – Alazones, and even north – Scythians-Pahari.