href="#ua4c38af0-7cdf-59b7-bf5b-5ef82093ed80">The Golden Fleece
The Dolliver Romance and Other Pieces, Tales and Sketches (1864)
Fragments from the Journal of a Solitary Man
A Visit to the Clerk of the Weather (1836)
Essays and Criticisms on Hawthorne and His Works:
Review of Twice Told Tales by Edgar Allan Poe
Nathaniel Hawthorne by George E. Woodberry
A Study of Hawthorne by George Parson Lathrop
‘Hawthorne’ and ‘The Works of Hawthorne’: Literary and Social Essays by George William Curtis
Nathaniel Hawthorne: Hours in A Library by Leslie Stephen
Passages on the Works of Hawthorne by William B. Cairns: Twice Told Tales
Introduction
Biographical sketch by George Parsons Lathrop
I.
The lives of great men are written gradually. It often takes as long to construct a true biography as it took the person who is the subject of it to complete his career; and when the work is done, it is found to consist of many volumes, produced by a variety of authors. We receive views from different observers, and by putting them together are able to form our own estimate. What the man really was not even himself could know; much less can we. Hence all that we accomplish, in any case, is to approximate to the reality. While we flatter ourselves that we have imprinted on our minds an exact image of the individual, we actually secure nothing but a typical likeness. This likeness, however, is amplified and strengthened by successive efforts to paint a correct portrait. If the faces of people belonging to several generations of a family be photographed upon one plate, they combine to form a single distinct countenance, which shows a general resemblance to them all: in somewhat the same way, every sketch of a distinguished man helps to fix the lines of that typical semblance of him which is all that the world can hope to preserve.
This principle applies to the case of Hawthorne, notwithstanding that the details of his career are comparatively few, and must be marshalled in much the same way each time that it is attempted to review them. The veritable history of his life would be the history of his mental development, recording, like Wordsworth's "Prelude," the growth of a poet's mind; and on glancing back over it he too might have said, in Wordsworth's phrases:—
"Wisdom and spirit of the universe!
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
By day or star-light thus from my first dawn
Of childhood didst thou intertwine for me
The passions that build up the human soul;
Not with the mean and vulgar works of man,
But with high objects, with enduring things—
With life and nature, purifying thus