Viscount James Bryce

The History of the Holy Roman Empire: 1st Century A.D. - 19th Century


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Severus.222223Urban I.230Pontianus.235Anterius or Anteros.Maximin.235236Fabianus.The two Gordians, Maximus Pupienus, Balbinus.237Gordian the Younger.238Philip.244Decius.249251Cornelius.Gallus.251252Lucius I.Volusian.252253Stephen I.Æmilian, Valerian, Gallienus.253257Sixtus II.259Dionysius.Claudius II.268269Felix.Aurelian.270275Eutychianus.Tacitus.275Probus.276Carus.282283Caius.Carinus, Numerian, Diocletian.284Maximian, joint Emperor with Diocletian.286296Marcellinus.[305(?)304Vacancy.Constantius, Galerius.304(?)Licinius.or 307]308Marcellus I.Maximin.308Constantine, Galerius, Licinius, Maximin, Maxentius, and Maximian reigning jointly.309310Eusebius.311Melchiades.314Sylvester I.Constantine (the Great) alone.323336Marcus I.337Julius I.Constantine II, Constantius II, Constans.337Magnentius.350352Liberius.Constantius alone.353356Felix (Anti-pope).Julian.361Jovian.363Valens and Valentinian I.364366Damasus I.Gratian and Valentinian I.367Valentinian II and Gratian.375Theodosius.379384Siricius.Arcadius (in the East), Honorius (in the West).395398Anastasius I.402Innocent I.Theodosius II. (E)408417Zosimus.418Boniface I.418Eulalius (Anti-pope).422Celestine I.Valentinian III. (W)424432Sixtus III.440Leo I (the Great).Marcian. (E)450Maximus, Avitus. (W)455Majorian. (W)455Leo I. (E)457461Hilarius.Severus. (W)461 Vacancy. (W)465Anthemius. (W)467468Simplicius.Olybrius. (W)472Glycerius. (W)473Julius Nepos. (W)474Leo II, Zeno, Basiliscus (all E.)474Romulus Augustulus. (W)475(End of the Western Line in Romulus Augustus.476)(Henceforth, till A.D. 800, Emperors reigning at Constantinople).483Felix III2.Anastasius I.491492Gelasius I.496Anastasius II.498Symmachus.498Laurentius (Anti-pope).514Hormisdas.Justin I.518523John I.526Felix IV.Justinian.527530Boniface II.530Dioscorus (Anti-pope).532John II.535Agapetus I.536Silverius.537Vigilius.555Pelagius I.560John III.Justin II.565574Benedict I.578Pelagius II.Tiberius II.578Maurice.582590Gregory I (the Great).Phocas.602604Sabinianus.607Boniface III.607Boniface IV.Heraclius.610615Deus dedit.618Boniface V.625Honorius I.638Severinus.640John IV.Constantine III, Heracleonas, Constans II.641642Theodorus I.649Martin I.654Eugenius I.657Vitalianus.Constantine IV (Pogonatus).668672Adeodatus.676Domnus or Donus I.678Agatho.682Leo II.683(?)Benedict II.685John V.Justinian II.685685(?)Conon.687Sergius I.687Paschal (Anti-pope).687Theodorus (Anti-pope).Leontius.694Tiberius.697701John VI.705John VII.Justinian II restored.705708Sisinnius.708Constantine.Philippicus Bardanes.711Anastasius II.713715Gregory II.Theodosius III.716Leo III (the Isaurian).718731Gregory III.741Zacharias.Constantine V (Copronymus).741752Stephen (II).752Stephen II (or III).757Paul I.767Constantine (Anti-pope).768Stephen III (IV).772Hadrian I.Leo IV.775Constantine VI.780795Leo III.Deposition of Constantine VI by Irene.797 Charles I (the Great).800(Following henceforth the new Western line).Lewis I (the Pious).814816Stephen IV.817Paschal I.824Eugenius II.827Valentinus.827Gregory IV.Lothar I.840844Sergius II.847Leo IV.855Benedict III.Lewis II.855855Anastasius (Anti-pope).858Nicholas I.867Hadrian II.872John VIII.Charles II (the Bald).875Charles III (the Fat).881882Martin II.884Hadrian III.885Stephen V.891Formosus.Guido.891Lambert.894896Boniface VI.Arnulf.896896Stephen VI.897Romanus.897Theodore II.898John IX.Lewis (the Child).