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W. Lucas Collins
Homer: The Iliad; The Odyssey
Published by Good Press, 2019
EAN 4057664188984
Table of Contents
CHAPTER I. THE QUARREL OF AGAMEMNON AND ACHILLES.
CHAPTER II. THE DUEL OF PARIS AND MENELAUS.
CHAPTER III. THE BROKEN TRUCE.
CHAPTER IV. THE FIRST DAY’S BATTLE.
CHAPTER V. THE SECOND DAY’S BATTLE.
CHAPTER VI. THE EMBASSY TO ACHILLES.
CHAPTER VII. THE THIRD BATTLE.
CHAPTER VIII. THE DEATH OF PATROCLUS.
CHAPTER IX. THE RETURN OF ACHILLES.
CHAPTER X. THE DEATH OF HECTOR.
CHAPTER XI. CONCLUDING REMARKS.
CHAPTER I. PENELOPE AND HER SUITORS.
CHAPTER II. TELEMACHUS GOES IN QUEST OF HIS FATHER.
CHAPTER III. ULYSSES WITH CALYPSO AND THE PHÆACIANS.
CHAPTER IV. ULYSSES TELLS HIS STORY TO ALCINOUS.
CHAPTER V. THE TALE CONTINUED—THE VISIT TO THE SHADES.
CHAPTER VI. ULYSSES’ RETURN TO ITHACA.
CHAPTER VII. THE RETURN OF TELEMACHUS FROM SPARTA.
CHAPTER VIII. ULYSSES REVISITS HIS PALACE.
CHAPTER IX. THE DAY OF RETRIBUTION.
CHAPTER X. THE RECOGNITION BY PENELOPE.
CHAPTER XI. CONCLUDING REMARKS.
INTRODUCTION.
It is quite unnecessary here to discuss the question, on which the learned are very far from being agreed, whether Homer—the “Prince of Poets”—had any real existence; whether he was really the author of the two great poems which bear his name, or whether they are the collected works of various hands, dovetailed into each other by some clever editor of ancient times. Homer will still retain his personality for the uncritical reader, however a sceptical criticism may question it. The blind old bard, wandering from land to land, singing his lays of the old heroic times to a throng of admiring listeners, must always continue to be the familiar notion of the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey. Such was the universal creed of the world of readers until a comparatively recent date; and the speculations of modern scholars, in this as in other cases, have been much more successful in shaking the popular belief than in replacing it by any constructive theory of their own which is nearly so credible. “Homer” is quite as likely to have been really Homer, as a mere name under whose shadow the poems of various unknown writers have been grouped.
There is extant a Life of the poet, said to have been composed by the Greek historian Herodotus, quoted as such by early writers, and possibly, after all, quite as trustworthy as the destructive conjectures of those critics who would allow him no life at all. There we are told that his birth, like that of so many heroes of antiquity, was illegitimate; that he was the son of Critheis, who had been betrayed by her guardian; that he was born near Smyrna, on the banks of the river Meles, and was thence called “Melesigenes.” His mother is said afterwards to have married a schoolmaster named Phemius, by whom the boy was adopted, and in due course succeeded to his new father’s occupation. But the future bard soon grew weary of such confinement. He set out to see the world; visiting in turn Egypt, Italy, Spain, the islands of the Mediterranean, and gathering material for at least one of his great works, the adventures of the hero Odysseus (Ulysses), known to us as the Odyssey. In the course of his travels he became blind, and thence was called “Homeros”—“the blind man”—such at least is one of the interpretations of his name.[1] In that state returning to his native town of Smyrna, he, like his great English successor, Milton, composed his two great poems. One of the few passages in which any personal allusion to himself has been traced, or fancied, in Homer’s verse, is a scene in the Odyssey, where the blind harper Demodocus is introduced as singing his lays in the halls of King Alcinous:—
“Whom the Muse loved, and gave him good and ill—
Ill, that of light she did his eyes deprive;
Good, that sweet minstrelsies divine at will
She lent him, and a voice men’s ears to thrill.” (W.)
So, in the same poem, the only other bard who appears is also blind—Phemius, who is compelled to exercise his art for the diversion of the dissolute suitors of Penelope. The fact of blindness is in itself by no means incompatible with the notion of Homer’s having constructed and recited even two such long poems as the Iliad and the Odyssey. The blind have very frequently remarkable memories, together with a ready ear and passionate love for music.