William Edward Hartpole Lecky

Democracy and Liberty


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Unearned incomes often the best used

       Abuse of wealth that most endangers society

       CHAPTER 10 WOMAN QUESTIONS

       Inconsistency of Rousseau about women’s rights

       His estimate of the position of women

       Condorcet

       Women during the Revolution

       Mary Wollstonecraft

       Fox on female suffrage

       Bentham and Bailey

       Effect of the destruction of domestic industries and growth of factories

       Separate female interests in factory legislation

       Turgot

       Causes of the lower wages of women

       Restrictions in their work partly due to trade jealousy

       Present position of female labour—Case for a voice in legislation

       Women under the factory system much affected by politics

       Growth of gigantic shops

       In some respects unfavourable to women—New female employments

       Woman’s part in nursing and medicine

       The teaching profession—Opening of British universities to women

       Continental universities opened

       Effects of this movement

       Change of manners in the upper class

       How far it is likely to influence character

       Growing female influence in political life

       Educational grievances

       Legal position of mothers—Acts of 1839, 1873, 1886

       Protection of married women’s earnings

       And of their other property

       Continental laws on married women’s earnings and property

       Intestacy

       The law unduly favoured the rich

       Disparities of property—Religious education

       Austrian law on mixed marriages

       Obstacles to opening professions in England—Laws favouring women

       Mill’s advocacy of female suffrage

       Large number of suffrages conceded to British women

       Arguments against Female Suffrage

       Alleged incapacity

       Part played by women in public life

       Other fields of female administration

       Argument from deficiency of physical force

       The alleged danger to female character

       Women already prominent in politics

       Effects of the ballot on the question

       Anomaly of the exclusion of women from the franchise

       Position of married women

       Women and clerical influence

       Early history of female suffrage

       Countries in which it has been adopted

       Its probable good and evil effects in England

       Too much expected from it

       Its prospects of success

       Index

       Biographical Note

      The veil of sentimentality long ago settled snugly over the 1890s, which have come to be regarded as dear, dead days of innocence, of straw boaters and bicycles built for two—a time so utterly unlike the depraved present as to horrify sensitive consciences.

      Yet, to not a few of the sensitive consciences which inhabited them, the ′90s were themselves an alarming decade. For a fact, industrial civilization seemed triumphant. Prosperity was widespread and the world in general at peace. But even in this blazing noonday, dark shadows seemed to be creeping 'round.

      The underpinnings of 19th century civilization were, in the century's last decade, coming loose. Property was threatened.