men were hired, and families moved closer to the schools, but the choices of native solace were regularly undermined by the federal government. The federal agents and clergy shunned native healers, brushed aside shamans, and derisively named them the causes not the healers of disease. The White Earth Hospital was the only trustworthy medical sanctuary on the
reservation.
Misaabe, his son Animosh, and five mongrel healers were on duty at the entrance to the hospital. Damon Mendor, the medical doctor, trusted shaman healers and sniffer dogs trained to detect diseases. The doctor seldom relied only on the common practices of hospital medicine, and the nurses never doubted the diagnosis but forever waved the mongrels away to avoid dirty nose prints on their uniforms.
The word misaabe meant “giant” in translation, and animosh was a “dog” or mongrel in the native language of the Anishinaabe. Misaabe, a miniature man not much higher than the reach of the mongrel healers he had trained to detect diseases, was an obvious ironic reservation nickname. Misaabe tutored the most perceptive mongrel healers in the history of reservation medicine. Animosh was raised with mongrels.
The native nurses, dressed in white from cap to sturdy shoes, could hardly support the giant trader out of the wagon and into the hospital. The scene was comical as he hopped between the two nurses and the mongrel healers to a vacant treatment room. The nurses were tiny at his side, but their voices and directions were not weak or hesitant. The nurses waved the mongrels out and at the same time ordered the trader to remove his shirt.
Odysseus removed only one thick sock and revealed the monstrous swollen ankle. The nurses told us to immediately fetch the doctor who was out fishing with friends that afternoon at nearby Bad Boy Lake.
Doctor Mendor, who had been drinking more than fishing, tied his horse to the back of the wagon on the return to the hospital. The doctor, who served three reservations in the state, was acquainted with the trader, and he seemed to appreciate our basic description of the wounds. We learned much later that the good doctor traded peyote for medical care.
Biitewan, the new federal agent, dismissed native healers, and he was aware of bad health and poor nutrition, decayed teeth, diseases of the lungs, and ruinous alcoholism on the reservation, but had no obvious concern about peyote. The agent was concerned only about federal health services and that the trader, who was licensed but not a resident of the reservation, was treated as a native at the White Earth Hospital.
Biitewan, a descriptive native nickname, meant “foamy” in translation. The agent forced his words, and foam collected, soured, and curdled at the corner of his mouth. No one on the reservation, not even the priest who was a native speaker, revealed the actual translation of his nickname.
Biitewan was told that his native name was sacred, a word that described the rush of water, or a great wave.
Odysseus removed his shirt in the end but not the peace medal around his neck. He held the medal in his hand as the doctor and two strong medical assistants pushed his shoulder back into place. We heard the bones move, thump, crunch, and smack. The doctor pushed the trader back on a bench, examined his ankle, and then pressed his fingers deep into the swollen flesh to feel the bones. The trader was silent, and in great pain.
Odysseus wore a wide blue sling to protect his shoulder, and the nurses packed his ankle in chunks of ice. The doctor could not determine if the ankle was sprained or a bone was broken, so the trader was ordered to remain in the hospital for several days. The trader resisted, the doctor insisted, and the trader agreed but only if he could sleep on the porch at night.
Aloysius told the trader that we had cut most of the ice that winter on the lake. The ice, buried in straw, was stored near the hospital and had slowly melted. We returned the wagon to the livery stable, watered and fed the horses, and then walked back to the hospital. The trader had eaten dinner and was seated on the screen porch in an oversized leather rocker. His ankle was wrapped in a blanket packed with ice and raised on a bench.
Odysseus described the scene of the accident at the headwaters of the Mississippi River at Lake Itasca. The lake was cold, as usual, and the breeze carried the scent of red pine. That chilly morning the flies were slow to move. Calypso, startled by the sight of an animal or snake, whinnied, lurched, and reared back. The trader lost his balance and landed hard on the rocks.
Calypso nosed me, pushed me awake, the trader explained and then mimicked his horse. The nurses were amused by his gestures. Calypso leaned forward and lowered her head, he said, and waited for me to mount. My shoulder was dislocated, and my ankle was swollen badly.
Aloysius told the trader stories that we had heard many times from our father about the Fleury sur Gichiziibi, an ancient monastery established near the headwaters many centuries ago by wayward brothers of the Order of Saint Benedict. The monks created the Manabozho Curiosa, a mysterious erotic manuscript that described sex between monks and animals, and especially the mongrels with two feathery tails.
Honoré, our father, explained that the ghosts of the monks wandered in the woods near the headwaters and frightened animals and birds. The ravens circled and croaked over that spooky place but never perched in the red cedar, and never landed near the headwaters. Sometimes the howl of wolves was a strange tremulous sound, and even chickens, rabbits, and skunks were nervous, weird, and bouncy near the headwaters.
Calypso was spooked by the ghosts of the monkery.
Odysseus smiled, saluted, but said nothing about the ghostly monks. He was a mighty storier that night, and no one, not even the spirits of the shamans and monks, would have dared tease or voice a word of distraction. The trader told stories about his names, the peace medal he wore around his neck, and the dance of the dead in memories of the American Civil War, his service as a cavalry soldier, and his experiences as a trader, that night on the screen porch of the hospital. We were enchanted by the great stories of his adventures. The doctor, nurses, and three other patients gathered around the shimmer of the lantern to listen. Yes, that was a special moment on the hospital porch. The trader was stimulated by the audience, the northern night sky, and by the weather, a gentle summer breeze. Every gesture of the trader created a huge shadow on the porch.
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Odysseus Walker Young raised the peace medal and told stories about his three names. Aloysius, the doctor, nurses, and several patients in turn leaned closer to examine the silver medal, an image of General Ulysses S. Grant. The name of the president was not embossed on the medal. Grant is pictured on the front of the medal with twelve curved words around his image: United States of America, Let Us Have Peace, Liberty Justice and Equality. The earth, a tablet, and farm implements were embossed on the back of the medal, and with these words and the inauguration date of President Grant: On Earth Peace, 1871, Good Will Toward Men.
Odysseus was born in the leap year 1864, on February 29, the very same day that President Abraham Lincoln nominated Ulysses S. Grant for promotion to Lieutenant General in the Army of the United States. A year later, on April 9, 1865, General Robert E. Lee signed the documents of surrender in the village of Appomattox Courthouse that ended the bloody Civil War. Grant, a great soldier, was later elected the eighteenth president of the United States.
Odysseus was named in honor of the heroic literary character and the famous general who ended the Civil War. Jefferson, his father, and his grandfather had been steady traders at Ganado, Keams Canyon, Tuba City, and many other native posts on the Navajo Reservation. They had obtained in trade several peace medals issued by many presidents including Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Polk, Abraham Lincoln, and Ulysses S. Grant.
Odysseus explained that his father, Jefferson Young, had read a translation of The Odyssey by Homer and favored the Greek name in the epic poem to the Latin Ulysses. Odysseus said his father revised familiar classical myths. He created his own versions and adventure stories to serve the moment around a campfire, and in the marvelous union of native storiers at trading posts.
Jefferson, as his son the trader explained that night on the screen porch at the hospital, taught him how to chant and sing on the road, to create memorable stories, and to privately praise the tricky arts of the native tease and irony. Natives trusted him as