Joanna Osiejewicz

Global Governance of Oil and Gas Resources in the International Legal Perspective


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The economic value of natural resources can be the source of violent conflicts, such as the conflict over stones and wood in Cambodia, or the basis of serious controversies, such as the issue of “blood diamonds” in Liberia, Sierra Leone, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.83 It has led to the increased interest in the principle of sovereignty over natural resources and the principles of international humanitarian law in areas under occupation, especially those contained in the Geneva Convention on the Protection of Civilians in Time of War.84 The United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3336 on the Israeli occupation of Palestinian territories85 confirmed the right of nations under occupation to restitution and full compensation for exploitation, losses, and depletion of natural resources and related damage in the area under occupation. The International Court of Justice in the case of the Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda explained that the permanent sovereignty over natural resources as an element of international customary law also applies during the occupation.86 In the advisory opinion on the legal consequences of the construction of the wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territories,87 the International Court of Justice stated that human rights conventions do not cease to apply during armed conflict, at least with regard to certain rights.