Business application
Any information processing application used in running a business
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Cache
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A rapid computer memory where frequently or recently used data is temporarily stored
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CAP theorem
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One cannot achieve Consistency, Availability, and Partition tolerance at the same time
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Category
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A flat or hierarchic semantic dimension added to a document, or part of a document
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Categorization
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Assigning, usually through statistical means, one or more categories to text
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CDM
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Customer Data Management
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Cloud services
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Computer applications that are executed on computers outside the enterprise rather than in-house. Examples are SalesForce, Google Apps, Yahoo mail, etc.
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Clustering
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Grouping documents according to content similarity
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CMS
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Content Management System
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Consistency
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A quality of an information system in which only valid data is recorded; that is, there are not two conflicting versions of the same data
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Connector
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A program that extracts information from a certain file format, or from a database
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Consolidation
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Making all the data concerning one entity available in one output
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COTS
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Commercial off-the-shelf software
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Crawl
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Fetching web pages for indexing by following URLs found in each page
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CRM
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Customer Relationship Management, applications used by businesses to interact with customers
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CSIS
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Customer Service Information System
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Data integration
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Merging data from different data sources or different information systems
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Data mart
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A subset of data found in an enterprise information system, relevant for a specific group or purpose
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Data warehouse
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A database which is used to consolidate data from disparate sources
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DBA
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Database administrator, the person who is responsible for maintaining (and often designing) an organization’ database(s)
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Deep Web
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Web pages that are dynamically generated as a result of form input and/or database querying
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Directory
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A listing of the files or websites in a particular storage system
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DIS
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Decision Intelligence System, a computer-based system for helping decision making
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Document model
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A model of seeing a database entity as a single persistent document, composed of typed fields and categories corresponding to the entity’s attributes
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Dublin Core Metadata
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A standard for metadata associated with documents, such as Title, Creator, Publisher, etc.
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Durability
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A database quality that means that successfully completed transactions must persist (or be recoverable) in the case of a system failure
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EDI
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Electronic Data Interchange, an early database communication system
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ETL
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Extract-Transform-Load, any method for extracting all or part of a database and storing it in another database
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Enterprise Search
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Searching access-controlled, structured and unstructured data found within the enterprise
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ERP
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Enterprise Resource Planning
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Evolutive Data Model
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Model that can be easily extended with new fields or data types without rebuilding the entire data structure
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Facet
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A dimension of meaning that can be used for restricting search, for example shirts and coats are two facets that could be found on a shopping site
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Field
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A labeled part of a document in a search engine. Fields can be typed to contain text, numbers, dates, GPS coordinates, or categories
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Firewall
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A computer-implemented protection that isolates internal company data from outside access
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File server
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A service that provides sequential or direct access to computer files
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Full-text engine
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A system for searching any of the words found in documents, rather than just a set of manually assigned keywords
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Garbage collection
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A process for recovering memory, usually by recognizing deleted or out-of-date data
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Gartner
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An information technology research and advisory firm that reports on technology issues
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GPS
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Global Positioning System, a system of satellites for geolocating a point on the globe
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Hash table
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Hashing converts a data item into a single number, and the hash table maps this number to a list of items
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Heuristics
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Methods based more on demonstrated performance than theory, weighting words by their inverse frequency in a collection is an example
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HTTP
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HyperText Transfer Protocol, an application layer protocol for accessing web pages
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IDC
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International Data Corporation, a global provider of market intelligence and analysis concerning information technology
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ILM
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Information Lifecycle Management
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IMAP
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Internet Message Access Protocol, a format for transmitting emails
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Index, inverted
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A data structure that contains lists of words with pointers to where the words are found in documents
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Index slice
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One section of an inverted index which can be distributed over many different computer stores
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Intranet
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A secure network that gives authorized users Web-style access to an organization’s information assets (e.g., internal documents and web pages)
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IR
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Information Retrieval, the study of how to index and retrieve information, usually from unstructured text
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IS
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Information System, a generic term for any computer system for storing and retrieving information
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Isolation
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The database constraint specifying that data involved in a transaction are isolated from (inaccessible to) other transactions
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