herbivorous--Importance of reptiles in the Archipelago--Fish, shells, insects--Botany--American type of organisation--Differences in the species or races on different islands--Tameness of the birds--Fear of man an acquired instinct.
CHAPTER XVIII.
Pass through the Low Archipelago--Tahiti--Aspect--
Vegetation on the mountains--View of Eimeo--Excursion into the interior--Profound ravines--Succession of waterfalls-- Number of wild useful plants--Temperance of the inhabitants-- Their moral state--Parliament convened--New Zealand--Bay of Islands--Hippahs--Excursion to Waimate--Missionary establishment--English weeds now run wild--Waiomio--Funeral of a New Zealand woman--Sail for Australia.
CHAPTER XIX.
Sydney--Excursion to Bathurst--Aspect of the woods--Party of natives--Gradual extinction of the aborigines--Infection
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generated by associated men in health--Blue Mountains--View of the grand gulf-like valleys--Their origin and formation-- Bathurst, general civility of the lower orders--State of
Society--Van Diemen's Land--Hobart Town--Aborigines all banished--Mount Wellington--King George's Sound--Cheerless aspect of the country--Bald Head, calcareous casts of branches of trees--Party of natives--Leave Australia.
CHAPTER XX.
Keeling Island--Singular appearance--Scanty Flora-- Transport of seeds--Birds and insects--Ebbing and flowing springs--Fields of dead coral--Stones transported in the roots of trees--Great crab--Stinging corals--Coral-eating fish--Coral formations--Lagoon islands or atolls--Depth at which reef-building corals can live--Vast areas interspersed with low coral islands--Subsidence of their foundations-- Barrier-reefs--Fringing-reefs--Conversion of fringing-reefs into barrier-reefs, and into atolls--Evidence of changes in level--Breaches in barrier-reefs--Maldiva atolls, their
peculiar structure--Dead and submerged reefs--Areas of subsidence and elevation--Distribution of volcanoes-- Subsidence slow and vast in amount.
CHAPTER XXI.
Mauritius, beautiful appearance of--Great crateriform ring of
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mountains--Hindoos--St. Helena--History of the changes in the vegetation--Cause of the extinction of land-shells-- Ascension--Variation in the imported rats--Volcanic bombs--
Beds of infusoria--Bahia, Brazil--Splendour of tropical
scenery--Pernambuco--Singular reefs--Slavery--Return to
England--Retrospect on our voyage.
INDEX.
.....
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
FRONTISPIECE. H.M.S. "BEAGLE" IN STRAITS OF MAGELLAN. MT. SARMIENTO IN THE DISTANCE.
PLATE 1. H.M.S. "BEAGLE" UNDER FULL SAIL, VIEW FROM ASTERN.
PLATE 2. H.M.S. "BEAGLE": MIDDLE SECTION FORE AND AFT, UPPER DECK, 1832.
PLATE 3. FERNANDO NORONHA.
PLATE 4. INCRUSTATION OF SHELLY SAND.
PLATE 5. DIODON MACULATUS (Distended and Contracted).
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PLATE 6. PELAGIC CONFERVAE.
PLATE 7. CATAMARAN (BAHIA).
PLATE 8. BOTOFOGO BAY, RIO DE JANEIRO. PLATE 9. VAMPIRE BAT (Desmodus D'Orbigny). PLATE 10. VIRGIN FOREST.
PLATE 11. CABBAGE PALM.
PLATE 12. MANDIOCA OR CASSAVA.
PLATE 13. RIO DE JANEIRO.
PLATE 14. DARWIN'S PAPILIO FERONIA, 1833, NOW CALLED AGERONIA FERONIA, 1889.
PLATE 15. HYDROCHAERUS CAPYBARA OR WATER-HOG.
PLATE 16. RECADO OR SURCINGLE OF GAUCHO. PLATE 17. HALT AT A PULPERIA ON THE PAMPAS. PLATE 18. EL CARMEN, OR PATAGONES, RIO NEGRO. PLATE 19. BRAZILIAN WHIPS, HOBBLES, AND SPURS.
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PLATE 20. BRINGING IN A PRISONER.
PLATE 21. IRREGULAR TROOPS.
PLATE 22. SKINNING UJI OR WATER SERPENTS. PLATE 23. RHEA DARWINII (Avestruz Petise). PLATE 24. LANDING AT BUENOS AYRES.
PLATE 25. MATA POTS AND BAMBILLIO.
PLATE 26. GIANT THISTLE OF PAMPAS.
PLATE 27. CYNARA CARDUNCULUS OR CARDOON.
PLATE 28. EVENING CAMP, BUENOS AYRES.
PLATE 29. ROZARIO.
PLATE 30. PARANA RIVER.
PLATE 31. TOXODON PLATENSIS. (Found at Saladillo.) PLATE 32. FOSSIL TOOTH OF HORSE. (From Bahia Blanca.) PLATE 33. MYLODON.
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PLATE 34. HEAD OF SCISSOR-BEAK.
PLATE 35. RHYNCHOPS NIGRA, OR SCISSOR-BEAK. PLATE 36. BUENOS AYRES BULLOCK-WAGGONS. PLATE 37. FUEGIANS AND WIGWAMS.
PLATE 38. OPUNTIA DARWINII.
PLATE 39. RAISED BEACHES, PATAGONIA. PLATE 40. LADIES' COMBS, BANDA ORIENTAL. PLATE 41. CONDOR (Sarcorhamphus gryphus). PLATE 42. BASALTIC GLEN, SANTA CRUZ.
PLATE 43. BERKELEY SOUND, FALKLAND ISLANDS. PLATE 44. YORK MINSTER (Bearing south 66 degrees east.) PLATE 45. CAPE HORN.
PLATE 46. CAPE HORN (Another view).
PLATE 47. BAD WEATHER, MAGELLAN STRAITS.
PLATE 48. FUEGIAN BASKET AND BONE WEAPONS.
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PLATE 49. FALSE HORN, CAPE HORN.
PLATE 50. WOLLASTON ISLAND, TIERRA DEL FUEGO. PLATE 51. PATAGONIANS FROM CAPE GREGORY. PLATE 52. PORT FAMINE, MAGELLAN.
PLATE 53. PATAGONIAN BOLAS.
PLATE 54. PATAGONIAN SPURS AND PIPE.
PLATE 55. CYTTARIA DARWINII.
PLATE 56. EYRE SOUND.
PLATE 57. GLACIER IN GULF OF PENAS.
PLATE 58. FLORA OF MAGELLAN.
PLATE 59. MACROCYSTIS PYRIFERA, OR MAGELLAN KELP.
PLATE 60. TROCHILUS FORFICATUS.
PLATE 61. HACIENDA, CONDOR, CACTUS, ETC.
PLATE 62. CHILIAN MINER.
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PLATE 63. CACTUS (Cereus Peruviana).
PLATE 64. CORDILLERAS FROM SANTIAGO DE CHILE.
PLATE 65. CHILIAN SPURS, STIRRUP, ETC. PLATE 66. OLD CHURCH, CASTRO, CHILOE. PLATE 67. INSIDE CHONOS ARCHIPELAGO. PLATE 68. GUNNERA SCABRA, CHILOE.
PLATE 69. ANTUCO VOLCANO, NEAR TALCAHUANO. PLATE 70. PANORAMIC VIEW OF COAST, CHILOE. PLATE 71. INSIDE ISLAND OF CHILOE. SAN CARLOS. PLATE 72. HIDE BRIDGE, SANTIAGO DE CHILE. PLATE 73. CHILENOS.
PLATE 74. SOUTH AMERICAN BIT.
PLATE 75. BRIDGE OF THE INCAS, USPALLATA PASS.
PLATE 76. LIMA AND SAN LORENZO.
PLATE 77. COQUIMBO, CHILE.
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PLATE 78. HUACAS, PERUVIAN POTTERY.
PLATE 79. TESTUDO ABINGDONII, GALAPAGOS ISLANDS.
PLATE 80. GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO.
PLATE 81. FINCHES FROM GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO.
PLATE 82. AMBLYRHYNCHUS CRISTATUS.
PLATE 83. OPUNTIA GALAPAGEIA.
PLATE 84. AVA OR KAVA (Macropiper methysticum), TAHITI.
PLATE 85. EIMEO AND BARRIER-REEF. PLATE 86. FATAHUA FALL, TAHITI. PLATE 87. TAHITIAN.
PLATE 88. HIPPAH, NEW ZEALAND.
PLATE 89. SYDNEY, 1835.
PLATE 90. HOBART TOWN AND MOUNT WELLINGTON.
PLATE 91. AUSTRALIAN GROUP OF WEAPONS AND THROWING STICKS.
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PLATE