Braided Waters. Wade Graham

      

      Braided Waters

      The publisher and the University of California Press Foundation gratefully acknowledge the generous support of the Richard and Harriett Gold Endowment Fund in Arts and Humanities. Braided Waters

      WESTERN HISTORIES

      William Deverell, series editor

      Published for the Huntingon–USC Institute on California and the West by University of California Press.

      1. The Father of All: The de la Guerra Family, Power, and Patriarchy in Mexican California, by Louise Pubols

      2. Alta California: Peoples in Motion, Identities in Formation, edited by Steven W. Hackel

      3. American Heathens: Religion, Race, and Reconstruction in California, by Joshua Paddison

      4. Blue Sky Metropolis: The Aerospace Century in Southern California, edited by Peter J. Westwick

      5. Post-Ghetto: Reimagining South Los Angeles, edited by Josh Sides

      6. Where Minds and Matters Meet: Technology in California and the West, edited by Volker Janssen

      7. A Squatter’s Republic: Land and the Politics of Monopoly in California, 1850–1900, by Tamara Venit Shelton

      8. Heavy Ground: William Mulholland and the St. Francis Dam Disaster, by Norris Hundley Jr. and Donald C. Jackson

      9. The Other California: Land, Identity, and Politics on the Mexican Borderlands, by Verónica Castillo-Muñoz

      10. The Worlds of Junípero Serra: Historical Contexts and Cultural Representations, edited by Steven W. Hackel

      11. Braided Waters: Environment and Society in Molokai, Hawai‘i, by Wade Graham

      Braided Waters

       Environment and Society in Molokai, Hawai‘i

      Wade Graham

      UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS

      University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world by advancing scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information, visit www.ucpress.edu.

      University of California Press

      Oakland, California

      © 2018 by Wade Graham

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Names: Graham, Wade, author. | Worster, Donald, 1941- writer of foreword.

      Title: Braided waters : environment and society in Molokai, Hawaii / Wade Graham.

      Description: Oakland, California : University of California Press, [2019] | Series: Western histories ; 11 | Includes bibliographical references and index. |

      Identifiers: LCCN 2018025160 (print) | LCCN 2018032368 (ebook) | ISBN 9780520970656 (ebook) | ISBN 9780520298590 (cloth : alk. paper)

      Subjects: LCSH: Human ecology—Hawaii—Molokai. | Political ecology—Hawaii—Molokai. | Nature—Effect of human beings on—Hawaii—Molokai—History. | Water-supply—Political aspects—Hawaii—Molokai. | Molokai (Hawaii)—History.

      Classification: LCC GF504.H3 (ebook) | LCC GF504.H3 G73 2019 (print) | DDC 304.20969/24—dc23

      LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018025160

      Manufactured in the United States of America

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      Contents

       List of Illustrations

       List of Maps and Tables

       Foreword by Donald Worster

       Introduction: Outer Island, In Between

      1. Wet and Dry: The Polynesian Period, 1000–1778

      2. Traffick and Taboo: Trade, Biological Exchange, and Law in the Making of a New Pacific World, 1778–1848

      3. A Good Land: Molokai after the Mahele, 1845–1869

      4. The Bonanza Horizon: Molokai in the Sugar Era, 1870–1893

      5. A Bigger, Better Hawai‘i: Making an American Molokai, 1893–1957

      6. From Lonely Isle to Friendly Isle: Economic Struggles in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries and the Future of “the Most Hawaiian Island”

       Conclusion: Two Experiences of Settlement

       Appendix

       Notes

       Bibliography

       Index

Illustrations

      1. Fishpond in East Molokai

      2. East Molokai

      3. Kaluaaha Ma Molokai engraving of Kalua‘aha in Molokai, created between 1833 and 1843

      4. Poi making outdoors at Halawa, Molokai, 1888

      5. Group of Hawaiians on Molokai before 1899

      6. First leper settlement at Kalawao, looking eastward

      7. Father Damien with the Kalawao Girls’ Choir at Kalaupapa, circa 1878

      8. R. W. Meyer Sugar Mill, engine and boiler house, circa 1881

      9. Pa‘u riders, Kalaupapa, July 4, 1907

      10. Molokai Ranch Headquarters, 1913

      11. Inter-Island Airways Sikorsky S-43 in flight past windward Molokai, circa 1935–1940

      12. Dirt road along Hawaiian homesteads, Ho‘olehua, 1973

Maps and Tables

      MAPS

      1. Location of Molokai and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Basin

      2. Map from 1901 showing locations of ahupua‘a land divisions and fishponds

      3. Molokai map from 1897 prepared for the 1906 Report of the Governor of the Territory of Hawaii to the Secretary of the Interior

      4. Molokai land use

      TABLES