raced after his hat, but was only able to grab an attached string. To his surprise, the hat kept on flying on its tether in the stiff breeze. The farmer enjoyed his flying hat and shared his discovery with the rest of his village.
A second theory begins with coastal villagers fascinated by large leaves blowing in the wind. They soon discovered that the wind could be harnessed by attaching lines to the leaves, producing a fun pastime. Even today, leaf kites exist in many parts of the world, from Indonesia to Japan.
A third theory claims that either a tent or sail became airborne in a strong wind, but remained tethered by its lines. People who observed the phenomenon were able to reproduce the results of the accident in the form of a kite.
A fourth theory claims that kites came from man's desire to emulate birds— symbols of happiness and freedom—that hitched rides on local thermals. There is a Chinese tale about Mo Di (circa 400 B.C.), who spent three years perfecting his wooden bird-kite, called a muyuan, only to have it break after one day of flying.
Today, many kite enthusiasts believe that if materials and tools are the criteria for the development of the kite, then it is just as conceivable that kites originated in the region of the Malay Archipelago and adjoining Pacific Islands. Many of the Chinese theories for the discovery of the kite could just as easily have occurred in this part of the world. For example, since ancient islanders were renowned seamen, it is possible that kites originated from their experiences with sailing canoes. Also, their leaf and reed kites played roles in daily life, including fishing and making contact with the "spirit of the wind." Similar kites existed as far away as Hawaii and New Zealand.
The Polynesians explain the origin of the kite as a contest between Rango and Tan, two brothers who were also gods. According to legend, the brothers liked to challenge each other in sibling rivalry, and one day they decided to see who could fly a made-made bird the highest. Each constructed his kite from leaves and they met on the beach. However, the luckless Tan flew his kite too close to a tree and it became entangled. In the meantime, Rango's kite flew high and free. In celebration, Polynesians dedicate the highest-flying kites to the honor of Rango, the god of war and peace, death, and kite flying.
Perhaps the Malays, or Pacific Islanders, and the Chinese independently discovered how to make and fly kites, since there is little in common between the leaf and silk kites from these diverse regional cultures. However, it is possible to notice similarities between a later Chinese fertility kite and the Malaysian wau, such as an association with the fertility of rice fields. These similarities may be coincidental or may have resulted from later contacts between the two regions.
Though the birthplace of the kite is a little unclear, the Chinese can at least take credit for spreading kites to the four corners of the world through trade. Stories of Chinese kite flying finally reached Europe in the thirteenth century, courtesy of Marco Polo, a Venetian trader and adventurer.
In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Europeans found a sea route around the Cape of Good Hope and into the East Indies and China. These early traders brought back to Europe examples of kites that became children's toys and objects of curiosity. However, by the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Europeans and Americans were using kites as tools for scientific studies or the natural elements, including developing flying machines. In the meantime, Asians were still flying kites to celebrate nature and the human spirit.
Today, Asian countries still keep in touch with their past and culture through kite festivals. Kite associations share their culture with new generations and the rest of the world. Many of the associations organize kite tours and look forward to receiving international visitors.
making kites
Kite making can be a satisfying and fun experience for all ages. Once you know the basic terms and materials used, and how it all goes together properly, you will have a fun and uplifting experience. Further, all who gaze upon your flying creations can then share the results.
Materials and Parts of a Kite
Kites can be made of almost any material, from thin, veneered wood to feathers, as long as the wind is strong enough to lift the kite's weight and the kite is aerodynamic—that is, it has a special shape allowing the object to fly Asians traditionally make their kites from handmade paper and bamboo. However, bamboo is not readily available in the West and is hard to work with, and handmade paper tends to be expensive and so is mainly used in art in our part of the world. Consequently, the time-honored designs in this book feature materials readily available at craft and hobby shops or on the Internet. If you would like to use traditional materials, then adjustments may need to be made to the design to account for weight and flexibility Just remember when choosing your materials that the heavier a kite is, the harder it is to fly, because excessive weight tends to make a kite unstable.
Tools
Most tools for making kites are simple and can usually be found around the home.
Tool Box
Scissors: for cutting sails
Needle: large, blunt type, for threading
the bridle
Yardstick or ruler: for measuring and
drawing lines
Pen or pencil: for drawing the pattern
and marking the kite sail
Glue stick: for gluing sail
White glue: for gluing spars together
Tape: preferably dear tape, for
reinforcing and repairs
Kite string: for bridles
Poster board: for sail pattern
Small saw: for sawing spars
Wood block: for a sawing or cutting
surface
First Aid Kit for the Flying Field
String
Tape Tail
Small scissors
Glue
Spars (short lengths
of wood to use as splints)
FRAME
(also called the spars or bones)
By supporting the sail, the frame helps form and keep the kite's shape.
BASSWOOD or SPRUCE flat sticks make excellent kite spars because of their flexibility, strength, and weight. Basswood spars are available from craft and hobby shops.
BALSAWOOD can also be used, but best suits small kites, for which weight, and not strength, is critical.
BAMBOO is the spar material of choice for Asian kites because of its availability and high ratio of strength to weight. Bamboo is generally available whole, but most small kites require only split-bamboo sticks. Matchstick bamboo window shades can be dismantled to make kite spars for small kites. Bamboo and window shades are available from specialty stores.
DOWEL is an all-around spar material that is available at lumberyards and hardware and hobby shops.
SAIL
(also called the cover or skin)
The sail attaches to the frame, forming the surface that catches and deflects the wind so that the kite will fly.
PAPER is easy to work with and to decorate, but it does not hold up to rough treatment or moisture. If you find that you do not have a sheet of paper big enough to cover the whole kite, then it is possible to glue sections of paper together until they create the right size.