indicate words which are proper names or titles of important persons: e.g. hanak haghung, senaphati (‘general’), Bhadhung (a place).
The vowel-signs, some of the conjunct consonants, and all the haksara wayah (including the initial vowels) have names. To indicate the presence of vowel-signs, etc., the name is made into a ma- verb; ha alone is called halalung (‘naked ha’) or ha polos (‘simple ha’); hi is ha mahulu, he is ha mahulu pepet, and so forth. A consonant having one or more conjunct consonants is described as magantungan, and one with a following conjunct as magampélan; a consonant followed by r is called maguhungan, and so forth.
Balinese punctuation is erratic and rather rudimentary. A single oblique stroke (carik) may indicate a comma, semicolon, or full stop. A carik is put on either side of a word or letter with the effect of quotation marks, or to separate numerals from letters. A double carik (hadeghadeg) marks the end of what is felt to be a complete statement. A more elaborate sign marks a major division in a prose work (matan titiran hapit carik). The sign papanten is put at the beginning of a piece of prose and is put before and after the title of a prose work. An intricate sign (haksara modré or haksara hanceng) marks the end of every stanza of a poem, and the same (more or less elaborated) before and after the heading of a literary work, especially a poem.
The following lists the hanäcaraka, the conjunct consonants, the consonantal haksara wayah; then the initial vowels (including the long vowels, used only in the literary language), the vowel-signs used with consonants, with their names, and then the punctuation marks.
Hanäcaraka
| Conjunct | name of haksara | ||
| ha |
 |
 |
|
| na |
 |
 |
na kojong na nilit |
| ca |
 |
 |
|
| ra |
 |
 |
guhung cakra |
| ka |
 |
 |
|
| da |
 |
 |
da lindung |
| ta |
 |
 |
|
| sa |
 |
 |
|
| wa |
 |
 |
suku kembung |
| la |
 |
 |
|
| ma |
 |
 |
|
| ga |
 |
 |
|
| ba |
 |
 |
|
| nga |
 |
 |
|
| pa |
 |
 |
|
| ja |
 |
 |
|
| ya |
 |
 |
naniya |
| nya |
 |
 |