You can ask this when the other person seems a bit different (e.g. from the last time you saw them).
(Anoko,) Nan-ka chigau-ne?
(あの子、)何なんか違ちがうね？
This is useful when a third person seems a bit different. Anoko means “That (young) person over there.”
Nan-ka chigau-no?
何なんか違ちがうの？
This is more suited to asking about things, not people.
What’s the difference?
Dō chigau-no?
どう違ちがうの？
What?
Nani?
何なに？
E?
え？
Why not?
Nan-de (dame-nano)?
何なんで（だめなの）？
Nan-de dame-nanda-yo? ♂
何なんでだめなんだよ？
Are you serious?
Honki?
本ほん気き？
Are you sure?
Hontō-ni?
本ほん当とうに？
Zettai?
絶ぜっ対たい？
Zettai? is a much more emphatic way to ask. Hontō-ni? is a safer bet in most situations. Clip the final ni for more emphasis.
You don’t mean it? (You’re joking?)
Jōdan-desho?
冗じょう談だんでしょ？
Jōdan-darō? ♂
冗じょう談だんだろう？
But, of course, there are times when you want to make your point forcefully. Here are some words and phrases that will help you make a bigger impact. Just be careful with the negative ones!
Absolutely!
Zettai!
絶ぜっ対たい！
Definitely!
Hontō-ni!
本ほん当とうに！
Hontō-ni sō-dayo-ne!
本ほん当とうにそうだよね！
Hontō-ni sō-dayo-na! ♂
本ほん当とうにそうだよな！
Maji-de.
マジで。
When using Majide to mean “Definitely,” you can lengthen the final e sound, but don’t raise the intonation (as with “Really?”)
Of course!
Atarimae-deshō!
当あたり前まえでしょう！
Atarimae-dayo! ♂
当あたり前まえだよ！
Used in the sense of “That goes without saying!”
Mochiron!
もちろん！
Usually used as an answer to a question.
You better believe it!
Hontō-datte!
本ほん当とうだって！
Hontō-dayo!
本ほん当とうだよ！
That’s it!
Sō-yo!
そうよ！
Sore-yo! ♀
それよ！
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