Lauren Araiza

To March for Others


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      To March for Others

      POLITICS AND CULTURE IN MODERN AMERICA

      Series Editors: Margot Canaday, Glenda Gilmore,

      Michael Kazin, and Thomas J. Sugrue

      Volumes in the series narrate and analyze political and social change in the broadest dimensions from 1865 to the present, including ideas about the ways people have sought and wielded power in the public sphere and the language and institutions of politics at all levels—local, national, and transnational. The series is motivated by a desire to reverse the fragmentation of modern U.S. history and to encourage synthetic perspectives on social movements and the state, on gender, race, and labor, and on intellectual history and popular culture.

       To March for Others

      The Black Freedom Struggle and the United Farm Workers

      LAUREN ARAIZA

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      UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA PRESS

      PHILADELPHIA

      Copyright © 2014 University of Pennsylvania Press

      All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations used for purposes of review or scholarly citation, none of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means without written permission from the publisher.

      Published by

      University of Pennsylvania

      Press Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4112

       www.upenn.edu/pennpress

      Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper

      10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Araiza, Lauren.

      To march for others : the black freedom struggle and the United Farm Workers / Lauren Araiza — 1st ed.

      p. cm. (Politics and culture in modern America)

      Includes bibliographical references and index

      ISBN 978-0-8122-4557-8 (hardcover : alk. paper)

      1. Untied Farm Workers of America—History—20th century. 2. African Americans—Civil rights—History—20th century. 3. Mexican American agricultural laborers.—Civil rights—History—20th century. 4. African Americans—Relations with Mexican Americans—History—20th century. 5. Civil rights movements—United States—History—20th century. 6. United States—Race relations—History—20th century. 7. United States—Ethnic relations—History—20th century. I. Title. II. Series: Politics and culture in modern America.

      E185.61.A66 2014

      323.1196'0730904

      2013020887

      for Charlie

       CONTENTS

       List of Abbreviations

       Introduction

       Chapter 1. This Is How a Movement Begins

       Chapter 2. To Wage Our Own War of Liberation

       Chapter 3. Consumers Who Understand Hunger and Joblessness

       Chapter 4. More Mutual Respect than Ever in Our History

       Chapter 5. A Natural Alliance of Poor People

       Conclusion

       Notes

       Bibliography

       Index

       Acknowledgments

       ABBREVIATIONS

AFL American Federation of Labor
AFL-CIO American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations
AWOC Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee, AFL-CIO
BPP Black Panther Party
CIO Congress of Industrial Organizations
CMM California Migrant Ministry
COFO Council of Federated Organizations
CORE Congress of Racial Equality
CSO Community Service Organization
DRUM Dodge Revolutionary Union Movement
EEOC Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
FEPC Fair Employment Practices Commission
FLOC Farm Labor Organizing Committee
FRUM Ford Revolutionary Union Movement
IAF Industrial Areas Foundation
ICWU International Chemical Workers Union
ILWU International Longshore and Warehouse Union, AFL-CIO
LCFO Lowndes County Freedom Organization
LULAC League of United Latin American Citizens
MALDEF Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund
MFDP Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
MFLU Mississippi Freedom Labor Union
NAACP National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
NCNP National Conference for New Politics
NDOC New Democratic Organizing Committee
NFWA National Farm Workers Association
NLRA National Labor Relations Act
NLRB