To March for Others
POLITICS AND CULTURE IN MODERN AMERICA
Series Editors: Margot Canaday, Glenda Gilmore,
Michael Kazin, and Thomas J. Sugrue
Volumes in the series narrate and analyze political and social change in the broadest dimensions from 1865 to the present, including ideas about the ways people have sought and wielded power in the public sphere and the language and institutions of politics at all levels—local, national, and transnational. The series is motivated by a desire to reverse the fragmentation of modern U.S. history and to encourage synthetic perspectives on social movements and the state, on gender, race, and labor, and on intellectual history and popular culture.
To March for Others
The Black Freedom Struggle and the United Farm Workers
LAUREN ARAIZA
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA PRESS
PHILADELPHIA
Copyright © 2014 University of Pennsylvania Press
All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations used for purposes of review or scholarly citation, none of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means without written permission from the publisher.
Published by
University of Pennsylvania
Press Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4112
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Araiza, Lauren.
To march for others : the black freedom struggle and the United Farm Workers / Lauren Araiza — 1st ed.
p. cm. (Politics and culture in modern America)
Includes bibliographical references and index
ISBN 978-0-8122-4557-8 (hardcover : alk. paper)
1. Untied Farm Workers of America—History—20th century. 2. African Americans—Civil rights—History—20th century. 3. Mexican American agricultural laborers.—Civil rights—History—20th century. 4. African Americans—Relations with Mexican Americans—History—20th century. 5. Civil rights movements—United States—History—20th century. 6. United States—Race relations—History—20th century. 7. United States—Ethnic relations—History—20th century. I. Title. II. Series: Politics and culture in modern America.
E185.61.A66 2014
323.1196'0730904
2013020887
for Charlie
CONTENTS
Chapter 1. This Is How a Movement Begins
Chapter 2. To Wage Our Own War of Liberation
Chapter 3. Consumers Who Understand Hunger and Joblessness
Chapter 4. More Mutual Respect than Ever in Our History
Chapter 5. A Natural Alliance of Poor People
ABBREVIATIONS
| AFL | American Federation of Labor |
| AFL-CIO | American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations |
| AWOC | Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee, AFL-CIO |
| BPP | Black Panther Party |
| CIO | Congress of Industrial Organizations |
| CMM | California Migrant Ministry |
| COFO | Council of Federated Organizations |
| CORE | Congress of Racial Equality |
| CSO | Community Service Organization |
| DRUM | Dodge Revolutionary Union Movement |
| EEOC | Equal Employment Opportunity Commission |
| FEPC | Fair Employment Practices Commission |
| FLOC | Farm Labor Organizing Committee |
| FRUM | Ford Revolutionary Union Movement |
| IAF | Industrial Areas Foundation |
| ICWU | International Chemical Workers Union |
| ILWU | International Longshore and Warehouse Union, AFL-CIO |
| LCFO | Lowndes County Freedom Organization |
| LULAC | League of United Latin American Citizens |
| MALDEF | Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund |
| MFDP | Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party |
| MFLU | Mississippi Freedom Labor Union |
| NAACP | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People |
| NCNP | National Conference for New Politics |
| NDOC | New Democratic Organizing Committee |
| NFWA | National Farm Workers Association |
| NLRA | National Labor Relations Act |
| NLRB |
|