Patrick Cockburn

Terrorism in Europe


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      Copyright © 2016 The Independent Print Limited.

      First edition published by Mango Publishing Group.

      All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, file transfer, or other electronic or mechanical means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations included in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses as permitted by copyright law.

      This is a work of non-fiction adapted from articles and content by journalists of The Independent and published with permission.

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      Library of Congress Cataloging

      Names: Cockburn, Patrick

      Title: Terrorism In Europe / by Patrick Cockburn and journalists of The Independent

      Library of Congress Control Number: 2016917890

      ISBN 9781633534490 (paperback), ISBN 9781633534483 (eBook)

      BISAC Category Code: POL037000 POLITICAL SCIENCE/Terrorism

      Front Cover Image: Tatiana53/Shutterstock.com

      Back Cover Images: ThamKC/Shutterstock.com, ver0nicka/Shutterstock.com, and Kiev.Victor/Shutterstock.com

       TERRORISM IN EUROPE: In the Crosshairs Again

      ISBN: 978-1-63353-449-0

      Printed in the United States of America

      "History doesn't repeat itself, but it does rhyme."

      – Mark Twain

      Table of Contents

       FOREWORD

       SPREADING REIGN OF TERROR

       INTRODUCTION

       ‘WE LOVE DEATH’

       CHAPTER 1

       TERRORISM

       MORE DEADLY IN THE 1970s & 80s

       SAME STORY, DIFFERENT ACTORS

       CAUSES RARELY SIMPLE

       CHAPTER 2

       SHAPING THE NEW TERROR AGE

       BLACK SEPTEMBER

       THE PROTOTYPE FOR MODERN TERRORISM

       MUNICH MASTERMIND

       ‘NOT JUST A HOSTAGE STORY’

       CHAPTER 3

       ‘CELEBRITY’ TERRORISTS

       CARLOS THE JACKAL

       SENTENCED TO LIFE

       MEETING CARLOS FOR ONE LAST TIME

       ON TRIAL FOR TERRORISM

       EAST GERMANY SANCTUARY

       APPEALING LIFE IMPRISONMENT

       ABU NIDAL

       TERRORIST FOR HIRE

       CHAPTER 4

       STATE TERRORISM

       LIBYA

       PAN-AM 103, LOCKERBIE, SCOTLAND

       IRAN

       NUMBER ONE STATE SPONSOR OF TERRORISM

       CHAPTER 5

       NATIONALISTS/SEPARATISTS

       BASQUE NATIONALIST SEPARATIST ORGANIZATION (ETA)

       HISTORY OF ETA

       PEACEFUL SETTLEMENT?

       ‘PERMANENT’ END TO VIOLENCE?

       IRISH REPUBLICAN ARMY (IRA)

       ARMED STRUGGLE

       REAL LIFE IRA

       COLLUSION BETWEEN MI5 AND THE IRA

       THE NEW IRA

       CHAPTER 6

       PRELUDE TO ISLAMIC TERROR

       ROOTS OF TERROR

       ROOTS IN FRANCE PLANTED 20 YEARS AGO