Jon Soske

Internal Frontiers


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      Internal Frontiers

      NEW AFRICAN HISTORIES

      SERIES EDITORS: JEAN ALLMAN, ALLEN ISAACMAN, AND DEREK R. PETERSON

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      Emily S. Burrill, States of Marriage

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      Abou B. Bamba, African Miracle, African Mirage

      Daniel Magaziner, The Art of Life in South Africa

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      Nuno Domingos, Football and Colonialism

      Jeffrey S. Ahlman, Living with Nkrumahism

      Bianca Murillo, Market Encounters

      Laura Fair, Reel Pleasures

      Thomas F. McDow, Buying Time

      Jon Soske, Internal Frontiers

      Internal Frontiers

       African Nationalism and the Indian Diaspora in Twentieth-Century South Africa

      Jon Soske

      OHIO UNIVERSITY PRESS

      ATHENS, OHIO

      Ohio University Press, Athens, Ohio 45701

       ohioswallow.com

      © 2017 by Ohio University Press

      All rights reserved

      First published 2017 in the United States of America by Ohio University Press, Athens, OH 45701

      Published 2017 in Southern Africa by the University of Witwatersrand through its Wits University Press

      To obtain permission to quote, reprint, or otherwise reproduce or distribute material from Ohio University Press publications, please contact our rights and permissions department at (740) 593-1154 or (740) 593-4536 (fax).

      Printed in the United States of America

      Ohio University Press books are printed on acid-free paper

      27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 5 4 3 2 1

      Portions of chapter two appeared in the author’s “Unravelling the 1947 ‘Doctors’ Pact: Race, Metonymy, and the Evasions of Nationalist History,” in One Hundred Years of the ANC: Debating Liberation Histories Today, edited by Arianna Lissoni et al. Copyright © 2012 by Wits University Press. Used by permission of the publisher.

      Portions of chapter two appeared in the author’s “Navigation Difference: Gender, Miscegenation, and Indian Domestic Space in Twentieth Century Durban,” in Eyes Across the Water: Navigating the Indian Ocean, edited by Pamila Gupta, Isabel Hofmeyr, and Michael Pearson. Copyright © 2010 by UNISA Press. Used by permission of the publisher.

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Names: Soske, Jon, 1977- author.

      Title: Internal frontiers : African nationalism and the Indian diaspora in twentieth-century South Africa / Jon Soske.

      Other titles: New African histories series.

      Description: Athens, Ohio : Ohio University Press, 2017. | Series: New African histories | Includes bibliographical references and index.

      Identifiers: LCCN 2017036213| ISBN 9780821422830 (hc : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780821422847 (pb : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780821446102 (pdf)

      Subjects: LCSH: South Africa--History--20th century. | South Africa--Politics and government--20th century. | East Indians--South Africa. | East Indian diaspora. | South Africa--Ethnic relations.

      Classification: LCC DT1924 .S67 2017 | DDC 968.05--dc23

      LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017036213

       For Kate Elizabeth Creasey Benim kafadarim

      Contents

       Preface and Acknowledgments

       Note on Language

       Introduction. The Internal Frontier of the Nation-State

       PART ONE

       Chapter