Michelle Gadsden-Williams, Heide Gardner, Laurie Greeno, Sandra Haji-Ahmed, Kathy Hannan, Henry Hernandez Jr., Ginger Hildebrand, Kathryn Himsworth, Gilli Howarth, LaShana Jackson, Annalisa Jenkins, Nia Joynson-Romanzina, Someera Khokhar, Nancy Killefer, Denice Kronau, Patricia Langer, Frances Laserson, Kedibone Letlaka-Rennert, Yolanda Mangolini, Cindy Martinangelo, Linda Matti, Donna-Marie Maxfield, Cheryl Miller, Judith Nocito, Lynn O'Connor, Juliana Oyegun, Sherryann Plesse, Farrell Redwine, Kari Reston, Ellen Rome, Barbara Ruf, Susan Silbermann, Jeffrey Siminoff, Sarah Stuart, Eileen Taylor, Geri Thomas, Priya Trauber, Lynn Utter, Jo Weiss, Joan Wood, Helen Wyatt, and Meryl Zausner.
Introduction
In Plain Sight
In the three years since Goldman Sachs launched its business in Brazil, growth has exceeded all expectations. Head count in the São Paulo headquarters has grown from 25 to 250, and Valentino Carlotti, president of Goldman Sachs Bank in Brazil, predicts it will double again in the next two to three years. So what concerns him?
“The growth opportunity is huge,” says Carlotti. “We expect Brazil to become a major contributor to the revenue generation of the firm. But we can't get that done without attracting and retaining great talent.”
Right now, that's a challenge for Carlotti, who often finds himself playing musical chairs with other firms for in-demand homegrown high performers. Despite the depth of Goldman's bench in developed countries, Carlotti doesn't want to principally rely on expats from the United States or Europe. “Given what has shaped this market, local talent is very sophisticated, very savvy, and, in many ways, more creative and innovative.” A shortage of local talent, he fears, could “impact the growth.”
Carlotti's concerns are shared by corporate leaders and talent managers throughout the emerging world, where finding, keeping, and maximizing top talent is more than an important issue: for many organizations, it's now an urgent imperative.
With Western countries already weakened by a deep recession, multinational corporations from all countries are pinning their hopes for future growth on developing markets. The four largest of these—Brazil, Russia, India, and China, the so-called BRIC nations—together represent 40 percent of the world's population and have accounted for some 45 percent of global growth since 2007, compared with 20 percent from G-7 economies.1
Among burgeoning economies, the dynamic BRIC markets stand out for the speed of their growth and their long-term potential. Their increasing prominence on the global stage is beginning to reshape the way the world does business. Even as Western Europe and the United States struggle to emerge from the recession, the BRICs have remained remarkably resilient. Indeed, in the eyes of many economists, the BRIC markets are actually leading the global recovery.
Yet there is a critical obstacle to their continued expansion: a cutthroat war for high-echelon talent.
A dearth of top talent is often cited as the biggest single barrier to company growth in emerging markets. To meet the talent shortage, multinational corporations have long followed the same well-trodden path: sending homegrown managers overseas, looking for (mostly male) foreign nationals educated in North American and European universities, or, as Carlotti says, “playing musical chairs” with top-quality local talent. All of these options are problematic given the rapid and sustained growth in these new markets. Corporations know they need to get off the beaten path to find and develop a new wellspring of human capital. But they haven't known where to look.
In fact, the answer is hiding in plain sight: large numbers of university-educated women pour into the high echelon job market in the BRIC countries every year. In 2008 alone, the most recent year for which figures for all four countries are available, the number of women in tertiary education programs topped 27 million, and the trend has continued upward in every reporting country.2 Women now make up 30 to 50 percent of the workforce in these nations.3
These women are highly ambitious; they want to make the most of their credentials. According to research from the Center for Work-Life Policy, more than 80 percent of educated women in Brazil and India aspire to top jobs; in China, the figure is more than 75 percent. In comparison, a mere 52 percent of highly qualified women in the United States are shooting for top jobs.
What is the implication of these numbers? As we enter the second decade of the new millennium, the face of top talent in emerging economies is most likely to be that of a woman.
This is a revolutionary thought that flies in the face of conventional wisdom. Observers in the West tend to see third world women as victims. In their recent best seller Half the Sky, Nicholas Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn, for instance, focus on illiteracy and oppression and point to micro credit as one of the few rays of hope for women in emerging markets.4
In a similar vein, business leaders tend not to have women on their radar screen. Almost all multinational companies, whether they be headquartered in the United States or in China or India, hope to reap rich rewards in the BRIC geographies, but few recognize the crucial contributions that educated local women make in these markets. Fewer still understand the nature of this rich talent pool or know how to make the most of it. As a result, the brainpower that women from the BRIC countries bring to the workforce has been overlooked and underutilized.
The fact is that no company can afford to ignore highly qualified female talent if it wants to compete in these fast-expanding economies—and win.
THE TALENT GAP IN EMERGING ECONOMIES
The BRICs' surge represents a pivotal point in the history of globalization: following centuries of dominance by the West, the economic balance of power is steadily shifting towards “the rest.” The enormous leaps in productivity, purchasing power, and consumer demand in the BRIC nations recently led Goldman Sachs's chief economist Jim O'Neill, who coined the term “BRIC,” to predict that their combined GDP could exceed that of the G-7 economies within the next twenty years, with China projected to be the world's largest economy by 2027.5 Some economists put China, now the world's second largest economy, in first place as soon as 2020.6 Others estimate that India, now ranked eleventh, could leapfrog slow-growing Japan into third place in the individual country GDP rankings as early as 2012 (see figure I-1).
In short, emerging markets are now the growth engine of the world.
As the BRICs power out of the global slowdown, the demand for—and shortage of—top talent is more pronounced than ever before. Businesses worldwide are heatedly competing for people who, often for the first time in their lives, “have numerous options and high expectations,” wrote Douglas A. Ready, Linda Hill, and Jay Conger in 2008.7 The problem is especially dire at top ranks. At the very moment when many multinationals are setting aside the ingrained “corporate imperialism” that led them to ignore local managers, they face limited rosters of local talent to promote (see figure I-2).
FIGURE I-1
BRICs will have a larger GDP than the G-7 in less than forty years
Source: Projection data from Goldman Sachs, most recent available as of May 17, 2010.
FIGURE I-2
Global distribution of the talent pipeline
Source: Sylvia Ann Hewlett et al., “The Athena Factor” Harvard Business Review (june 2008); Booz & Company analysis; OECD & UNESCO 2000–2006 (based on availability) Education Database, Tertiary Completion Levels; India, Pakistan, and Peru, 2002 UNESCO Education Database, Tertiary Enrollment reduced, assuming 33% completion rate.
Global talent pool is defined as all individuals around the world who were enrolled in tertiary education (college