/ M. Joseph Gordon, Jr.
Microcellular Injection Molding / Jingyi Xu
Poly(lactic acid): Synthesis, Structures, Properties, Processing, and Applications / Edited by Rafael Auras, Loong‐Tak Lim, Susan E.M. Selke, and Hideto Tsuji
Hyperbranched Polymers: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications / Edited by Deyue Yan, Chao Gao, and Holger Frey
Advanced Thermoforming: Methods, Machines and Materials, Applications and Automation / Sven Engelmann
Biopolymer Nanocomposites: Processing, Properties and Applications / Alain Dufresne, Sabu Thomas, Laly A. Pothan
Polymers for PEM Fuel Cells / Hongting Pu
Polyurethanes: Science, Technology, Markets, and Trends / Mark F. Sonnenschein
Functional Polymer Coatings: Principles, Methods, and Applications / Edited by Limin Wu and Jamil Baghdachi
Polyurethanes: Science, Technology, Markets, and Trends, Second Edition / Mark F. Sonnenschein
POLYURETHANES
Science, Technology, Markets, and Trends
SECOND EDITION
MARK F. SONNENSCHEIN, Ph.D.
The Dow Chemical Company
Midland, MI, USA
This edition first published 2021
© 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Edition History John Wiley & Sons (1e, 2014)
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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data
Names: Sonnenschein, Mark F., author.
Title: Polyurethanes : science, technology, markets, and trends / Mark F. Sonnenschein, Ph.D., The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, US.
Description: Second edition. | Hoboken : Wiley, 2021. | Series: Wiley series on polymer engineering and technology | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020024254 (print) | LCCN 2020024255 (ebook) | ISBN9781119669418 (hardback) | ISBN 9781119669463 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119669470 (epub)
Subjects: LCSH: Polyurethanes.
Classification: LCC TP1180.P8 S56 2021 (print) | LCC TP1180.P8 (ebook) | DDC 668.4/239–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020024254 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020024255
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Image: Courtesy of The Dow Chemical Company
Dedicated to my wife, Geraldine Franklin Sonnenschein, for her beauty, kindness, and endless support and to my children, Matthew, Anne, and Susan, for the inspiration and the laughs. My canines, Arlo, Lark, Bugle, and Sprite, are acknowledged for patiently and cheerfully keeping me company throughout the writing process.
PREFACE
I want to begin by thanking the people and organizations that bought the first edition of Polyurethanes: Science, Technology, Markets, and Trends. I have received many encouraging and constructive comments since it appeared at the end of 2014. At the same time I have also had a certain amount of angst about the number of errors in the book, most of them typographical, but not all of them! In addition, I have been acutely aware as time has passed, even over just 6 years, that the polyurethane industry is continuously changing and evolving. The “Science” and “Technology” parts of the first edition title have changed somewhat, but the “Markets” and “Trends” components of the first edition were badly in need of updating. What was also striking was how third‐party industry forecasts made in 2014 about subsequent years were in most cases wrong, demonstrating how poorly crystal ball analyses of economic activity perform. In this second edition there is much less attention paid to these prognostications.
An interesting macrotrend at the time of this writing is the rapid expansion of global capacity with only moderate growth occurring now and in the future. This assures that producer prices will remain under pressure and help maintain low price inflation for the foreseeable future. This may also result in additional consolidation in the polyurethanes industry, or the spinning out of polyurethane businesses from chemical conglomerates as was see when Bayer AG spun off its polyurethane assets into a separate company called Covestro AG. An