the following day with an additional 1-ml dose.
5. Check the mice daily for symptoms.
6. If the animals are not sick at the end of 6 days, examine 1 drop of peritoneal fluid from each mouse directly and then stain it with Giemsa stain.
Xenodiagnosis is a technique that uses the arthropod host as an indicator of infection. Uninfected reduviid bugs are allowed to feed on the blood of a patient who is suspected of having Chagas’ disease (T. cruzi infection) (47) (Fig. 8.10). After 30 to 60 days, feces from the bugs are examined over a 3-month time frame for the presence of developmental stages of the parasite, which are found in the hindgut of the vector. This type of procedure is used primarily in South America for field work, and the appropriate bugs are raised in various laboratories specifically for this purpose. The term “xenodiagnosis” has also been applied to the diagnosis of trichinosis (Trichinella spiralis). Muscle tissue from a patient suspected of having the disease is fed to uninfected rats; the rats are then checked after the appropriate time for the presence of T. spiralis larvae, particularly in the diaphragm. This procedure is rarely requested and is not available in most clinical laboratories.
Figure 8.10 Illustration of the process of xenodiagnosis used for the diagnosis of Chagas’ disease. (Illustration by Sharon Belkin.)doi:10.1128/9781555819002.ch8.f10
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