designers also work in different ways. That is, some are fully involved with clients and a project from programming through contract documents. Some prefer the technical side of design rather than working directly with clients. Some enjoy the challenges of working for a firm doing design work in foreign countries. And there are those who enjoy client interaction so much that they move from performing space‐planning tasks to selling and representation positions with stores or even manufacturers.
This chapter provides an overview of the where and how designers work. It may help you clarify your goals and focus your efforts related to projects and class work in your remaining educational program. Based on suggestions from educators, this chapter and the others related to goals and job‐search strategies will follow.
After completing this chapter you should be able to:
Distinguish the differences between how designers work.
Discuss key issues concerning working for a design firm engaging in design projects on the global marketplace.
Explain how selling responsibility is different from planning and design.
Discuss why collaboration is important in today's professional world whether one specializes in residential or commercial interior design.
List three expectations you have concerning your first job. Why do you feel these are reasonable for an entry‐level designer?
HOW DO DESIGNERS WORK?
There are many different ways to work in the interior design field. Some of these will appeal to your creative side and some to technical prowess. These descriptions begin our clarification of the wide variety of career opportunities in the interior design profession. A discussion of career specialties follows this chapter and is titled Professional Options. These brief descriptions paint a broad‐stroke picture of how interior designers may work.
“On‐the‐Boards” Responsibility
The term on the boards is a traditional one referring to the performance of the tasks of doing a project. This would be someone who spends a significant amount of time preparing space plans, construction drawings, and other design documents utilizing a drafting board. Of course, today the on‐the‐boards designer is working with a computer rather than paper‐and‐pencil drawing and drafting.
These designers are involved in all phases of a design project. This designer can be involved in any of the specialty areas of design. Another term for this type of specialty is designer/specifier, a term that also refers to interior designers who prepare all the design elements of a project and specify the needed products, but rarely sell merchandise.
An interior designer in this situation could be working in an independent design firm, an architectural office, or several other environments not focused on selling products. They will be compensated either by a salary or hourly rate. Many designers who sell products may also be on the boards, as they must prepare plans and other documents in order to sell merchandise.
Selling Responsibility
Many positions in interior design require a certain amount of selling responsibility. A designer's selling responsibility starts with the job interview with an employer. Designers must then “sell” themselves to prospective clients as they attempt to be hired by the client. Selling also occurs as designers sell their design ideas to the client as the project progresses.
For some, selling becomes the major responsibility, overshadowing planning and design tasks. Many designers who work in retail specialty stores (such as lighting fixture stores, department stores, and office furnishings dealerships) find that the ability to sell is primary to preparing plans and specifications. Depending on the role one is hired for, this may also be true for an employee of a residential furniture store. In many cases, designers working in a store environment may be limited as to what they may sell to the client based on the products carried or featured by that store.
Selling responsibility positions are usually compensated by a commission on each sale rather than a salary.
Freelance Consulting
Designers who have gained experience in interior design may decide to become freelance designers/consultants. It could be argued that a sole practitioner designer is a freelance designer. For our purposes, however, this discussion refers to designers who work irregular hours, not necessarily full time, and not directly for end‐user clients such as a home owner or commercial space owner.
A freelancer might work in one or more specialty areas of interior design. They might provide specialized services to other designers such as rendering. She might provide consulting to designers concerning lighting design, or commercial kitchen design, or other highly technical design areas.
Freelancers contract with the designer/client for whom they will do work and are not considered employees of the design firm. Their compensation could be an hourly, daily, or per‐job fee. Depending on experience, such a designer might work for more than one client at the same time and even do more than one kind of project at a time.
This type of freelance consultant enjoys variety and does not want to work full time. The Internet allows freelancers to work on a global basis if they so choose. It is unusual for the freelance consultant to have employees. Drawbacks include an irregular income, as work comes at an unsteady pace. These individuals must also pay their own working benefits, taxes on income, and have the self‐discipline to work to the extent required for each consulting job.
Management
Interior designers also work as managers in design industry businesses. An individual might be the design director with an interior design or architectural office, supervising a design staff. She might be the manager of the design staff in a furniture store, or the manager of a specialty store. She might have a management position as a project manager for a construction company or development company. These are only a few examples of management positions.
The person who is considering management positions in interior design will be required to have extensive experience in one or more specialty areas of interior design. A business background based on experience in the profession, along with educational background in management, is also helpful—if not required—for these positions.
Managers supervise the design staff, assign the work in the office, prepare reports to ownership, and meet with clients. Design office managers are often involved in marketing to obtain new clients. Depending on the size of the firm and design staff, the manager may find it necessary to limit his or her personal design involvement in projects. The larger the firm is, the more the manager will need to attend to various administrative activities rather than being involved in creative work.
TYPES OF WORK ENVIRONMENTS
Interior designers can work in many settings or work environments and do many different kinds of jobs. Numerous opportunities exist beyond the stereotypical work in “a residential store” or a “commercial design office.” This section begins with the most typical starting locations for entry‐level interior designers. Positions that require experience or perhaps additional education are discussed at the end.
These descriptions are very general and actual experiences and settings will vary. Size of the firm, geographic location, design specialty, and business philosophy of ownership all affect the work environment and experience.
Independent Design Firm
An independent design firm may be a one‐person design studio or a large firm that has dozens of employees. It is very common for interior designers to start their businesses working alone with