303
306 304
307 305
308 306
309 307
310 308
311 309
312 310
313 311
314 312
315 313
316 314
317 315
318 316
319 317
320 318
321 319
322 320
323 321
324 322
325 323
326 324
327 325
328 326
329 327
330 328
331 329
332 330
333 331
334 332
335 333
336 334
337 335
338 337
339 338
340 339
341 340
342 341
343 342
344 343
345 344
346 345
347 346
348 347
349 348
350 349
351 350
352 351
353 352
354 353
355 354
356 355
357 357
358 358
359 359
360 360
361 361
362 362
363 363
364 364
365 365
366 366
Hybridized and Coupled Nanogenerators
Design, Performance, and Applications
Ya Yang
Author
Ya Yang
Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems,
Chinese Academy of Sciences
School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Rm. 315A, Tiangong Plaza, Tower C 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District
100083 Beijing
China
Cover Image
Courtesy of Ya Yang
All books published by Wiley‐VCH are carefully produced. Nevertheless, authors, editors, and publisher do not warrant the information contained in these books, including this book, to be free of errors. Readers are advised to keep in mind that statements, data, illustrations, procedural details or other items may inadvertently be inaccurate.
Library of Congress Card No.:
applied for
British Library Cataloguing‐in‐Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek
The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at <http://dnb.d-nb.de>.
© 2020 WILEY‐VCH GmbH, Boschstr. 12, 69469 Weinheim, Germany
All rights reserved (including those of translation into other languages). No part of this book may be reproduced in any form – by photoprinting, microfilm, or any other means – nor transmitted or translated into a machine language without written permission from the publishers. Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in this book, even when not specifically marked as such, are not to be considered unprotected by law.
Print ISBN: 978‐3‐527‐34634‐9
ePDF ISBN: 978‐3‐527‐82238‐6
ePub ISBN: 978‐3‐527‐82239‐3
oBook ISBN: 978‐3‐527‐34633‐2
Forewords
Maxwell's equations are fundamental key equations in physics, which are the foundation of modern wireless communication, light communication, and energy science. Nanogenerators (NGs) are based on utilizing Maxwell's displacement current as the driving force to effectively convert mechanical energy into electricity, regardless of whatever used materials are nano or not. To date, NGs have attracted extensive interest due to potential applications as self‐powered sensor networks, small power sources, and even large‐scale blue energy harvesting. Hybridized NGs are based on integrating different NGs into a system that can simultaneously/individually scavenge the different types of energies in our living environment, so that a stable and sustainable power supply can be obtained by using whatever energy is available in the environment. Since we reported the first hybrid NGs in 2009 (Chen Xu, Xudong Wang, and Zhong Lin Wang, Nanowire structured hybrid cell for concurrently scavenging solar and mechanical energies, JACS, 131, 2009, 5866–5872), a variety of NGs based on different structures have been demonstrated, including mechanical energy, solar energy, thermal energy, and even chemical energy. In recent years, hybridized NGs also include the integration of different NGs to scavenge the same type of energy but using different methods for largely enhancing the energy conversion efficiency. Part of this book will give a detailed summary about the design, performance, and applications of hybridized nanogenerators.
Zhong Lin Wang, Professor
Laureate