Offices John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK
Editorial Office The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK
For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us at www.wiley.com.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print‐on‐demand. Some content that appears in standard print versions of this book may not be available in other formats.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty MATLAB® is a trademark of The MathWorks, Inc. and is used with permission. The MathWorks does not warrant the accuracy of the text or exercises in this book. This work’s use or discussion of MATLAB® software or related products does not constitute endorsement or sponsorship by The MathWorks of a particular pedagogical approach or particular use of the MATLAB® software. In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to the use of experimental reagents, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each chemical, piece of equipment, reagent, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials or promotional statements for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.
Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data
Names: Feng, Dongming, 1985– author. | Feng, Maria, 1961– author.
Title: Computer vision for structural dynamics and health monitoring / Dongming Feng, Ph.D, Professor, Southeast University, Maria Feng, Ph.D, Renwick Professor, Columbia University.
Description: First edition. | Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., [2021] | Series: Wiley‐ASME press series | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020017110 (print) | LCCN 2020017111 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119566588 (cloth) | ISBN 9781119566564 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119566571 (epub)
Subjects: LCSH: Structural dynamics–Data processing. | Structural health monitoring–Data processing. | Computer vision–Industrial applications.
Classification: LCC TA654 .F46 2020 (print) | LCC TA654 (ebook) | DDC 624.1/710285637–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020017110 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020017111
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Images: Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco
© ventdusud /Shutterstock, eye with visual effects
© SFIO CRACHO/Shutterstock
Series Preface
The Wiley‐ASME Press Series in Mechanical Engineering brings together two established leaders in mechanical engineering publishing to deliver high‐quality, peer‐reviewed books covering topics of current interest to engineers and researchers worldwide.
The series publishes across the breadth of mechanical engineering, comprising research, design and development, and manufacturing. It includes monographs, references and course texts.
Prospective topics include emerging and advanced technologies in Engineering Design; Computer‐Aided Design; Energy Conversion & Resources; Heat Transfer; Manufacturing & Processing; Systems & Devices; Renewable Energy; Robotics; and Biotechnology.
Preface
Over the past few decades, a significant number of studies have been conducted in the area of structural health monitoring (SHM), with the objective of detecting anomalies and quantitatively assessing structural integrity based on measurements using various types of sensors. Although these studies have produced SHM methods, frameworks, and algorithms that have been validated through numerical, laboratory, and field applications, their wide deployment in real‐world engineering structures is limited by the prohibitive requirement of installing dense on‐structure sensor networks and associated data‐acquisition systems. To address these practical limitations, the research and industrial communities have been actively exploring new sensing technologies that can advance the current state‐of‐the‐art in SHM.
Rapid advances in digital cameras and computer vision algorithms have made vision‐based sensing a promising next‐generation monitoring technology to complement conventional sensors. Significant advantages of the vision‐based sensor include its low cost, ease of setup and operation, and flexibility to extract displacements at multiple points on the structure from a single video measurement. In the past 10 years, the authors have been fortunate to lead, participate in, and witness the development of computer vision‐based sensing and its application to structural dynamics and SHM. In our activities, however, we have seen a gap between the significant potential offered by this emerging sensing technology and its practical applications. Many undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and practicing engineers are interested in learning how this sensing technology works and what unique benefits it can offer.
This book is intended to provide a comprehensive introduction to vision‐based sensing technology, based primarily on the authors' research. Fundamental knowledge, important issues, and practical techniques critical to the successful development of the vision‐based sensor are presented and discussed in detail. A wide range of tests have been carried out in both laboratory and field environments to demonstrate its measurement accuracy and unique merits. The potential of the vision sensor as a fast and cost‐effective tool for solving SHM problems is explored. In addition to SHM, novel and practical solutions to other engineering problems are presented, such as estimating cable tension forces using vision‐based sensing. Finally, the book outlines the achievements and challenges of current vision‐based sensing technologies, as well as open research challenges, to assist both the structural engineering and computer science research communities in setting an agenda for future research.
The goal of this book is to help encourage the application of the emerging vision‐based sensing technology not only in scientific research but also in engineering practice, such as assessing the field condition of civil engineering structures and infrastructure systems. Although the book is conceived as an entity, its chapters are mostly self‐contained and can serve as tutorials and reference works on their respective topics. The book may also serve as a textbook for graduate students, researchers, and practicing engineers; thus, much emphasis has been placed on making the computer vision algorithms, structural dynamics, and SHM applications easily accessible and understandable. To achieve this goal, we provide MATLAB code for most of the problems discussed in the book. In addition, readers working in structural dynamics