Pregnancy and Lactation
14 9 Postoperative Care and Late Complications 9.1 Immediate Postoperative Period 9.2 Postoperative Instructions 9.3 Postoperative Medications 9.4 24‐Hour On‐Call Service and Tertiary Hospital Referral 9.5 Management of Late Complications
15 Appendix A: Special Cases A.1 Lone‐standing Upper First Molars A.2 Palatally Impacted Upper Canines A.3 Bulbous Roots (Hypercementosis) A.4 Teeth with Aberrant Root Morphology A.5 Teeth with Extensive Crown Decay A.6 Retained Deciduous Molars
16 Appendix B: Extraction of Deciduous Teeth B.1 Principles of Paediatric Dental Extraction B.2 Techniques of Paediatric Dental Extraction
17 Bibliography
18 Index
List of Tables
1 Chapter 1Table 1.1 Comparisons between commonly used oral benzodiazepine sedatives.
2 Chapter 2Table 2.1 Conversion tables for local anaesthetic and adrenaline in solution.
3 Chapter 3Table 3.1 General principles of elevator use.Table 3.2 Common elevator designs and indications for use. Image source: KLS ...Table 3.3 General principles of dental extraction forceps use.Table 3.4 Common dental extraction forceps designs (American and British patt...Table 3.5 Common suture materials used in the oral cavity, classified by beha...Table 3.6 Characteristics of suture needles and materials.
4 Chapter 5Table 5.1 General steps in surgical extraction.Table 5.2 Situations where surgical extraction methods may be required.
5 Chapter 6Table 6.1 Haemostatic agents that may be used to assist with control of bleed...
6 Chapter 7Table 7.1 Indications for third molar extraction as per the National Institut...Table 7.2 Contraindications for third molar extraction.Table 7.3 Treatment options for third molar teeth based upon presence of symp...Table 7.4 Local and general factors that increase the difficulty of third mol...
7 Chapter 8Table 8.1 Medications associated with the development of MRONJ.Table 8.2 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery – Clinical S...Table 8.3 Relative risk of MRONJ based on a C‐terminal telopeptide (CTX) bloo...Table 8.4 Acquired and congenital conditions which affect normal haemostasis ...Table 8.5 Common medications which affect normal haemostasis and increase ble...Table 8.6 Conditions for which corticosteroids are commonly prescribed.Table 8.7 Dose equivalence table for various steroid compositions compared wi...Table 8.8 Considerations in patients with hepatorenal disease undergoing surg...
8 Appendix BTable B.1 Options for space maintenance after deciduous tooth extraction.
List of Illustrations
1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Phases of wound healing.Figure 1.2 The coagulation cascade.Figure 1.3 Panoramic radiograph: 1. mandible; 2. maxilla; 3. temporomandibul...Figure 1.4 Slices of a serial transaxial CBCT.Figure 1.5 Example consent form for dentoalveolar surgery.Figure 1.6 Clinic room with defined administrative, operative, and hygiene a...Figure 1.7 WHO surgical handrubbing technique.Figure 1.8 Dentist with sufficient sterile and personal protective attire fo...
2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Mechanism of action of a local anaesthetic agent.Figure 2.2 Example preparations of local anaesthetic.Figure 2.3 Buccal/labial infiltration anaesthesia of the maxilla (left) and ...Figure 2.4 Anatomy of the pterygomandibular space and relations of the infer...Figure 2.5 Conventional ‘open‐mouth’ technique.Figure 2.6 Akinosi ‘closed‐mouth’ technique.Figure 2.7 Gow–Gates technique.Figure 2.8 Mandibular long buccal block.Figure 2.9 Mental nerve block.Figure 2.10 Anatomy of nerve supply to the maxilla.Figure 2.11 Greater palatine block.Figure 2.12 Palatal infiltration.Figure 2.13 Nasopalatine nerve block.Figure 2.14 Posterior superior alveolar nerve block.Figure 2.15 Intrapulpal injection.
3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Cawood‐Minnesota retractor. Only a gentle finger grip is required...Figure 3.2 Wire cheek retractor. This instrument is most commonly held by th...Figure 3.3 Tongue retractor. This instrument is large and can damage the ant...Figure 3.4 Basic elevator construction.Figure 3.5 Types of forces applicable through an elevator.Figure 3.6 Basic forceps construction.Figure 3.7 Scalpel handle and blade types commonly used in dentoalveolar sur...Figure 3.8 Molt periosteal elevator. Each end has two surfaces: one rounded ...Figure 3.9 Mitchell's trimmer.Figure 3.10 Angled curette.Figure 3.11 Cleoid‐discoid carver.Figure 3.12 Curved artery forceps.Figure 3.13 Basic suturing equipment. Needle holders, forceps, and scissors ...Figure 3.14 Front of a suture packet, detailing suture gauge (3‐0), needle t...Figure 3.15 Frasier suction tip.Figure 3.16 Surgical bur setup with sterile plastic and foot pedal.Figure 3.17 Options for surgical irrigation include use of a Monoject (R) sy...Figure 3.18 Mouth prop. A number of sizes are available.
4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Extraction of a maxillary incisor tooth.Figure 4.2 Extraction of a maxillary canine tooth.Figure 4.3 Extraction of a maxillary premolar tooth.Figure 4.4 Extraction of a maxillary molar tooth.Figure 4.5 Extraction of a mandibular incisor tooth.Figure 4.6 Extraction of a mandibular canine or premolar tooth.Figure 4.7 Extraction of a mandibular molar tooth.
5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Crestal‐only flap with no relieving incision.Figure 5.2 Two‐sided flap, consisting of a crestal flap with mesial relievin...Figure 5.3 Three‐sided flap, consisting of a crestal flap with mesial and di...Figure 5.4 Vestibular incision used to approach an impacted canine.Figure 5.5 Buccal bone gutter to facilitate removal of