Fundamentals of Fixed Prosthodontics. James C. Kessler

forces on the retainers. Missing: Mandibular first and second premolars and first molar Implants: 4.3 × 11.5 mm (first premolar), 4.3 × 10 mm (second premolar), 5.0 × 10 mm (first molar) Considerations: Three implants are preferable, but not if it requires placing them too close together. The position of the anterior loop of the mandibular canal may interfere with implant placement. Loss of the facial plate of bone may result in inadequate alveolar width. Alveolar resorption may lead to insufficient height of bone above the mental foramen and mandibular canal. The correction of this anatomical difficulty requires the placement of an onlay bone graft to allow the placement of an implant of sufficient width and length. Splinting the dental implant restoration will reduce rotational forces on the abutment screws, lessening the possibility of screw loosening. Splinting the dental implants will increase restoration strength and stress distribution. Restorations: MCRs over custom abutments (UCLA, Atlantis, or preparable abutments)