Surrogate Warfare. Andreas Krieg

Impunity, 8.

      32.Krieg, “Privatization of Civil-Security Sector Relations,” 16.

      33.Lefevre, Ashes of Hama, 185.

      34.Kasinof, “Yemen War Isn’t Just a Proxy War.”

      35.See Best, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance, 10.

      36.Jones, Bay of Pigs, 95–99.

      37.Barari and Akho-Rashida. “Pragmatic and the Radical,” 118.

      38.Thomas Grove, “Up to Nine Russian Contractors Die in Syria, Experts Say,” Wall Street Journal, December 18, 2015; SecDev, “Russian Private Military Contractors.”

      39.Shaw, Julius II.

      40.Mumford, Proxy Warfare, 17.

      41.Loveman, “Assessing the Phenomenon,” 32.

      42.Kinzer, All the Shah’s Men, 210.

      43.Dresch, History of Modern Yemen, 89.

      44.Kakar, Afghanistan, 29.

      45.Rayburn, Iraq after America, 14–19.

      46.Hughes, My Enemy’s Enemy, 4.

      47.Sherwood, “More than Two Dozen Countries.”

      48.Hudson and Lynch, “Road to a Syria Peace Deal.”

      49.Bakr, “Qatar Runs Covert Desert Training.”

      50.Al Tamimi, “Al-Qa‘ida’s Uncoupling.”

      51.Autesserre, Trouble with the Congo, 48.

      52.See Logevall, Choosing War, 357.

      53.Stewart and Rampton, “Obama to Send 1,500 More Troops.”

      54.Thomas Gibbons-Neff, “How U.S. and Western Troops Will Help in the Battle for Mosul,” Washington Post, October 17, 2016.

      55.Tim Arango and Thomas Erdbrink, “U.S. and Iran Both Attack ISIS, but Try Not to Look like Allies,” New York Times, December 3, 2014; Anne Barnard and Mark Mazzetti, “U.S. Admits Airstrike in Syria, Meant to Hit ISIS, Killed Syrian Troops,” New York Times, September 17, 2016.

      56.Singer, Corporate Warriors, 20.

      57.Singer, 32.

      58.Kautilya, Arthasastra, 296.

      59.Machiavelli, Essential Writings of Machiavelli, 12.

      60.Machiavelli, 83.

      61.Hughes, My Enemy’s Enemy, 2.

      62.Peltier, Surrogate Warfare, 36.

      63.See Krieg and Rickli, “Surrogate Warfare.”