First Herd in 1944. He would go on to play with Chubby Jackson (1947–1948), Stan Kenton (1948), Charlie Ventura (1949), Herman again (1949–1950), Charlie Barnet (1951), and Kenton again (1951–1953). He moved to Chicago and started his own group in 1954 before moving to California where he played with Howard Rumsey’s Lighthouse All-Stars (1955). He recorded with Stan Levey (1954–1957) and played and recorded with his brother Pete Candoli (1957–1962) and Terry Gibbs (1959–1962). He played with Woody Herman at the Monterey Jazz Festival in 1960, toured Europe with Gerry Mulligan (1960–1961), played with drummer Shelly Manne, and then played with Kenton’s Los Angeles Neophonic Orchestra (1965–1969). He performed with the group Supersax from 1972 throughout the 1980s and performed in the Doc Severinsen–led Tonight Show band from 1972 to 1992. Candoli continued to tour extensively through the late 1990s before passing away from prostate cancer in 2001.
CANDOLI, PETE (1923–2008)
Brother of Conte Candoli, he was known as a lead trumpet player. He played with many big bands during the 1940s, including Sonny Dunham, Will Bradley, Ray McKinley, Benny Goodman, Tommy Dorsey, Teddy Powell, Woody Herman, Boyd Raeburn, Tex Beneke, and Jerry Gray. He moved to Los Angeles and became noted for his studio work and performed with the bands of Les Brown and Stan Kenton. He later led a group (1957–1962) with his brother Conte and started a nightclub act with his wife, Edie Adams, in 1972. He continued to perform with his brother into the 1990s.
CAPITOL
American record label founded in 1942 by Johnny Mercer, Glenn Wallichs, and B. G. Desylva specializing in popular music. Early artists included Nat “King” Cole, Peggy Lee, Country singer Tex Williams, and Stan Kenton. During the 1950s the label grew as artists such as Dean Martin, Frank Sinatra, and guitarist Les Paul were added. In 1956 the label broke into the rock-and-roll market by signing Gene Vincent; later it would sign the Beach Boys and begin a distribution arrangement with the Beatles. After the breakup of the Beatles, its catalog included artists such as Pink Floyd, Merle Haggard, Glen Campbell, Bob Seeger, and Anne Murray. During the 1980s and 1990s, its artists included Duran Duran, Bonnie Raitt, Garth Brooks, the Beastie Boys, and Radiohead. Recent popular artists on Capitol Records include Coldplay and Katy Perry.
CAPP-PIERCE JUGGERNAUT
A big band formed in 1975 as the Capp-Pierce Orchestra by Frank Capp and Nat Pierce. The band performed and recorded Basie-style big band material and included members such as Bill Berry, Bobby Shew, Marshal Royal, Blue Mitchell, and Herb Ellis.
CARDINAL
Record label established in 1920 and notable for issuing Ethel Waters’s first recording in 1921.
CARISI, JOHNNY (1922–1992)
A trumpet player, then later a composer/arranger, Johnny Carisi played with Glenn Miller from late 1942 until Miller’s death and then wrote for various big bands including Ray McKinley, Charlie Barnet, and Claude Thornhill. He wrote “Israel” while studying with composer Stefan Wolpe, which would appear on Miles Davis’s landmark album Birth of the Cool. During the late 1950s and 1960s, Carisi wrote many small ensemble and chamber pieces, including arrangements for Gil Evans and trumpeter Marvin Stamm. He became a faculty member of the Manhattan School of Music and Queens College CUNY in 1969 and continued to compose and perform until his passing in 1992.
CARLTON, LARRY EUGENE (1948–)
Carlton was raised in Southern California and began playing the guitar at the age of six. He was introduced to jazz while in junior high school after hearing a recording of guitarist Joe Pass. Carlton recorded his first album in 1968, With a Little Help from My Friends (Uni). He joined the jazz-rock group the Crusaders in 1971, continuing to perform and record with the group until 1976. Additional credits from the 1970s and 1980s include Joni Mitchell, Steely Dan, Michael Jackson, Dolly Parton, Quincy Jones, and many others. Carlton became one of the most in-demand studio musicians, performing on more than 3,000 studio sessions for film soundtracks, television themes, and more than 100 gold records. He was awarded a Grammy in 1981 for composing the theme song for the TV show Hill Street Blues. After a long period of rehabilitation due to a gunshot wound he received outside his studio in 1988, Carlton joined the GRP record label in 1991 and eventually replaced Lee Ritenour in the smooth jazz group Fourplay. Carlton has received 19 Grammy Award nominations, winning four times, most recently in the category of Best Pop Instrumental Album for the recording Take Your Pick (Vermillion) in 2010.
CARMICHAEL, HOAGLAND HOWARD “HOAGY” (1899–1981)
A composer, songwriter, and singer. An early friendship with cornetist Bix Beiderbecke led him to compose one of his first works, “Riverboat Shuffle,” which was recorded by the Wolverines in 1924. He completed a law degree in 1926 but returned to music after he heard a Red Nichols recording of his “Washboard Blues.” Thereafter he moved to New York and began his career as a songwriter, collaborating with many lyricists including Johnny Mercer. His most famous compositions include “Stardust,” “Skylark,” “Georgia on My Mind,” “The Nearness of You,” and “Heart and Soul.” He won an Academy Award in 1951 for “In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening.”
CARNEGIE HALL JAZZ ORCHESTRA
Founded in 1991 by George Wein and led by musical director Jon Faddis, the group presented concerts paying tribute to classic jazz musicians as well works by living composers including Toshiko Akiyoshi, Maria Schneider, John Clayton, Slide Hampton, and others. The band did worldwide tours from 1994 to 1996 and recorded several albums. The group disbanded in 2002 when support from Carnegie Hall was discontinued.
CARNEY, HARRY HOWELL (1910–1974)
Carney was born in Boston, Massachusetts, and began his musical life playing piano at age 7, the clarinet at 14, and the saxophone one year later. His major instrument was baritone saxophone, and he was considered the first baritone saxophone soloist in jazz. In 1927, Carney joined Duke Ellington’s orchestra when he was 17 and remained with the band for over 46 years. He recorded with Ellington that same year, and at the end of the year, the band began its residency at the Cotton Club in New York City. His rich sonority became an essential element in Ellington’s tonal palette, and in a band brimming with individualists, his playing had a character all its own. Carney played with a massive tone and direct style and would frequently play clarinet with the band as well. Carney additionally collaborated with other artists, including Benny Goodman and pianist Billy Taylor among others.
CAROLINA COTTON PICKERS
A band formed in Florida in 1933 from members of the Jenkins orphanage bands.
CARR, IAN (1933–2009)
Trumpet player, writer, and teacher. He taught himself to play the trumpet in 1950 and played in many bands throughout the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, most notably the band Nucleus, an important and popular jazz-rock group. His biography of Miles Davis, Miles Davis: A Critical Biography, is recognized as one of the seminal works on Miles Davis, and he cowrote Jazz: A Rough Guide, which is a standard reference text. See also ENGLAND.
CARRINGTON, TERRI LYNE (1965–)
A jazz drummer and composer, Carrington began playing drums at the age of seven and was awarded a full scholarship