Violence, Slavery and Freedom between Hegel and Fanon. Robert Bernasconi

used to counter it, the locus of racism lay in culture more than in biology, with major implications for critical philosophy of race (Bernasconi 2019). He demonstrates the importance of dialectical reason based in praxis. He challenges the tendency to dwell in the past. He also challenges the tendency to want to close the book on European thought as unworthy of consideration. Fanon’s pages on Hegel in Black Skin, White Masks have become a symbol of how it was in dialogue with the Western philosophical tradition, including Hegel, one of its more racist representatives, that he pushed his thought in new and radical directions. It is not by accident that Black Skin, White Masks culminates in a critical discussion of Hegel and the Kojèvian interpretation of history in the light of Hegel. The present volume is an excellent guide to that discussion.

       References

      Bernasconi, Robert (2010). ‘Fanon’s The Wretched of the Earth as the fulfillment of Sartre’s Critique of Dialectical Reason’. Sartre Studies International 16(2): 36–46.

      Bernasconi, Robert (2019). ‘A most dangerous error: The Boasian myth of a knock-down argument against racism’. Angelaki 24(2): 92–103.

      Césaire, Aimé (2000). Discourse on Colonialism (1950). Translated by Joan Pinkham. New York: Monthly Review Press.

      Fanon, Frantz (1951). ‘L’expérience vécue du noir’. Esprit 19(179): 657–59.

      Fanon, Frantz (2004). The Wretched of the Earth (1961). Translated by Richard Philcox. New York: Grove Press.

      Fanon, Frantz (2008). Black Skin, White Masks (1952). Translated by Richard Philcox. New York: Grove Press.

      Fanon, Frantz (2011). Oeuvres. Paris: La Découverte.

      Harris, H.S. (1979). ‘Corrections and Revisions Made to the A.V. Miller Translation of Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit’, viewed 17 December 2019, https://yorkspace.library.yorku.ca/xmlui/handle/10315/2541.

      Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1947). La phénoménologie de l’esprit (1807). Translated by Jean Hyppolite. Paris: Aubier.

      Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1977). Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit (1807). Translated by A.V. Miller. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

      Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (2018). The Phenomenology of Spirit (1807). Translated by Terry Pinkard. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

      Hyppolite, Jean (1974). Genesis and Structure of Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit (1946). Translated by Samuel Cherniak and John Heckman. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.

      Kojève, Alexandre (1969). Introduction to the Reading of Hegel: Lectures on the Phenomenology of Spirit (1947). Assembled by Raymond Queneau, edited by Allan Bloom, translated by James H. Nichols Jr. New York: Basic Books.

      Sartre, Jean-Paul (2004). Critique of Dialectical Reason (1960). Translated by Alan Sheridan-Smith. London: Verso.

      Sekyi-Otu, Ato (1996). Fanon’s Dialectic of Experience. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

      Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty (2014). ‘Fanon Reading Hegel’. In Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Readings. Kolkata: Seagull Books.

      Turner, Lou (1996). ‘On the Difference between the Hegelian and Fanonian Dialectic of Lordship and Bondage’. In Lewis R. Gordon, T. Denean Sharpley-Whiting and Renee T. White (eds), Fanon: A Critical Reader. Oxford: Blackwell.