coal tightly and compacting) or storage in closely covered airtight enclosure, (iv) reducing the fine powder content in the coal, (v) limit the height of stockpile, (vi) avoid conical heaps, which tend to increase the surface area and, hence, the risk of fire, (vii) follow the practice of first-in, first-out in stockpile management – the old parts of the stockpile should be used first for consumption and the fresh coal should go for storage.
In summary, actions that could diminish the intensity of the self-ignition process and prevent production loss through fires are: (1) prevent access of fresh air by covering the stockpile with unreactive heavy oil, (2) storage of coal with small particle size, (3) storage of coal with low humidity, and, above all, (4) decreasing the storage interval of the coal to the minimum possible time.
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