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Structural Analysis and Synthesis
A Laboratory Course in Structural Geology
Fourth Edition
Stephen M. Rowland
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
United States
Ernest M. Duebendorfer
Northern Arizona University
Arizona
United States
Alexander Gates
Rutgers University, Newark
New Jersey
United States
This fourth edition first published 2021
© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Edition History 1e, (Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 1986); 2e, (Blackwell Publishing Limited, 1996); 3e, (Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2007)
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Rowland, Stephen Mark, author. | Duebendorfer, Ernest M., author. | Gates, Alexander E., 1957– author.
Title: Structural analysis and synthesis : a laboratory course in structural geology / Stephen M. Rowland, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Ernest M. Duebendorfer, Northern Arizona University, Arizona, Alexander Gates, Rutgers University, New Jersey.
Description: Fourth edition. | Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell, 2021. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020025025 (print) | LCCN 2020025026 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119535454 (paperback) | ISBN 9781119535461 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119535485 (epub)
Subjects: LCSH: Geology, Structural–Laboratory manuals.
Classification: LCC QE501 .R73 2021 (print) | LCC QE501 (ebook) | DDC 551.8078–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020025025 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020025026
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Images: © Alexander Gates
Preface
This manual is intended to serve as the primary resource for the laboratory portion of an introductory course in structural geology for undergraduate students. It is designed to accompany any of the available structural geology textbooks. It supports both the descriptive and quantitative parts of a course at approximately the same level of detail as most of the textbooks. The book retains 17 chapters to cover the standard 12–14 weeks of a semester, and several chapters have specialized themes. The organization by the authors places most of the areas deemed necessary to structural geology at the front of the manual, followed by a synthesis of most of them, and then the more specialized topics at the end.
One of the most challenging aspects of structural geology for introductory students is visualizing three‐dimensional structural features and objects and representing them or projecting them on two‐dimensional diagrams for analysis. This is still the case even with computer programs to solve simple to complex problems. Students are strongly encouraged to use props to help visualize the real‐world features rather than trying to imagine them. The exercises are much easier to solve and the methods understood using this approach.
The other challenge for students is that many techniques build upon previously learned techniques. It is imperative for students to complete the supporting exercises and fully understand them before moving to the next level of rigor, or the deficits will snowball. This is especially true with the equal‐area projections which are used in multiple chapters. For this reason, all of the exercises should be done manually at their introduction. After students master the manual techniques, they are encouraged to use computers.
The final challenge for which many students find problems