Gas and Petroleum Engines. H. de Graffigny

       Parker

       Hutchinson

       Forest

       Baker

       Economic motor

       Crown

       Laviornery

       Lentz

      Group II.

       Explosion with compression.

      1 (1) Two-cycle type.Dugald-ClerkKoerting-LieckfeldWittig & HeesAndrews (Stockport)BenzRavelBaldwinTaylor (Midland)CampbellBénier

      2 (2) Four-cycle type.MillonOttoLinfordCrossleyMaximMartiniLenoirSimplexKoerting-BouletLombardDurandDaimlerVarchalouskiAtkinsonTentingDiedrichsAdamRagotForestNoëlCharonNielLablinPoussantRogerLetombeLacoinCronanCadiotDürkoppBrouhotLevasseurFieldingDelahayeAcméCuinat

      Group III.

       Combustion with compression.

       Brayton

       Hoch

       Simon, et fils

       Livesay

       Crowe

       Gardie

       Overmand

      Group IV.

       Atmospheric motors.

       Otto & Langen

       Bisschop

       Gilles

       Hallevell

       Robson

       François

      Carburetted Air Engines.

       Lenoir

       Forest

       Tenting

       Daimler

       Le Marcel (Cadiot)

       Durand

       De Dion-Bouton

       Bollée

       Pelloree

       Le Pygmée

       Klause

      Oil Engines.

       Brayton

       Priestman

       Ragot

       Otto

       Crossley-Holt

       Niel (Atlas)

       Hornsby-Akroyd

       Grob-Capitaine

       Merlin

       Knight-Weyman

       Griffin

       Pinkney

       Levasseur

       Root

       Rationnel

       Dawson

       The “Gnome”

      On page 21 we give a table embracing all the best known types of gas engines, which will also help to avoid the confusion arising from the fact that some motors exist which belong to neither one nor another, but are combinations of one or more groups. Such hybrid motors have been devised amongst others by Schweizer and Siemens. In the former the power of the explosion is used to compress a considerable volume of air, which is then used for working a compressed air engine. In the latter the gas heats a quantity of air which drives a hot-air motor. In this table we have also, specially grouped apart, engines using carburetted air (air which has been passed through a volatile spirit such as benzoline) and petroleum. The list may be found somewhat incomplete, as more than 250 gas engines have been devised and patented in the last twenty-five years; but on the other hand, many of these have been failures, and we have only included those motors which can undoubtedly be considered commercial successes. These we will now study.