The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660-1783. A. T. Mahan

381 Rodney divides his fleet 381 Goes in person to New York 381 De Guichen returns to France 381 Arrival of French forces in Newport 382 Rodney returns to the West Indies 382 War between England and Holland 382 Disasters to the United States in 1780 382 De Grasse sails from Brest for the West Indies, 1781 383 Engagement with English fleet off Martinique 383 Cornwallis overruns the Southern States 384 He retires upon Wilmington, N.C., and thence to Virginia 385 Arnold on the James River 385 The French fleet leaves Newport to intercept Arnold 385 Meets the English fleet off the Chesapeake, 1781 386 French fleet returns to Newport 387 Cornwallis occupies Yorktown 387

De Grasse sails from Hayti for the Chesapeake	388
Action with the British fleet, 1781	389
Surrender of Cornwallis, 1781	390
Criticism of the British naval operations	390
Energy and address shown by De Grasse	392
Difficulties of Great Britain's position in the war of 1778	392
The military policy best fitted to cope with them	393
Position of the French squadron in Newport, R.I., 1780	394
Great Britain's defensive position and inferior numbers	396
Consequent necessity for a vigorous initiative	396
Washington's opinions as to the influence of Sea Power on the American contest	397
CHAPTER XI.
Maritime War in Europe, 1779–1782.
Objectives of the allied operations in Europe	401
Spain declares war against England	401
Allied fleets enter the English Channel, 1779	402
Abortive issue of the cruise	403
Rodney sails with supplies for Gibraltar	403
Defeats the Spanish squadron of Langara and relieves the place	404
The allies capture a great British convoy	404
The armed neutrality of the Baltic powers, 1780	405
England declares war against Holland	406
Gibraltar is revictualled by Admiral Derby	407
The allied fleets again in the Channel, 1781	408
They retire without effecting any damage to England	408
Destruction of a French convoy for the West Indies	408
Fall of Port Mahon, 1782	409
The allied fleets assemble at Algesiras	409
Grand attack of the allies on Gibraltar, which fails, 1782	410
Lord Howe succeeds in revictualling Gibraltar	412
Action between his fleet and that of the allies	412
Conduct of the war of 1778 by the English government	412
Influence of Sea Power	416
Proper use of the naval forces	416
CHAPTER XII.
Events in the East Indies, 1778–1781.—Suffren sails from Brest for India, 1781.—His Brilliant Naval Campaign in the Indian Seas, 1782, 1783.
Neglect of India by the French government	419
England at war with Mysore and with the Mahrattas	420
Arrival of the French squadron under Comte d'Orves	420
It effects nothing and returns to the Isle of France	420
Suffren sails from Brest with five ships-of-the-line, 1781	421
Attacks an English squadron in the Cape Verde Islands, 1781	422
Conduct and results of this attack	424
Distinguishing merits of Suffren as a naval