United States. Central Intelligence Agency

The 2004 CIA World Factbook


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- international:

       Hungary amended the status law extending special social and

       cultural benefits to ethnic Hungarians in neighboring states, who

       had objected to the law; Slovakia and Hungary have renewed

       discussions on ways to resolve differences over the

       Gabcikovo-Nagymaros hydroelectric dam on the Danube, with possible

       resort again to the ICJ for final resolution

      Illicit drugs:

       transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and cannabis and for

       South American cocaine destined for Western Europe; limited producer

       of precursor chemicals, particularly for amphetamine and

       methamphetamine; improving, but remains vulnerable to money

       laundering related to organized crime and drug trafficking

      This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005

      ======================================================================

      @Iceland

      Introduction Iceland

      Background:

       Settled by Norwegian and Celtic (Scottish and Irish) immigrants

       during the late 9th and 10th centuries A.D., Iceland boasts the

       world's oldest functioning legislative assembly, the Althing,

       established in 930. Independent for over 300 years, Iceland was

       subsequently ruled by Norway and Denmark. Fallout from the Askja

       volcano of 1875 devastated the Icelandic economy and caused

       widespread famine. Over the next quarter century, 20% of the

       island's population emigrated, mostly to Canada and the US. Limited

       home rule from Denmark was granted in 1874 and complete independence

       attained in 1944. Literacy, longevity, income, and social cohesion

       are first-rate by world standards.

      Geography Iceland

      Location:

       Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the North

       Atlantic Ocean, northwest of the UK

      Geographic coordinates:

       65 00 N, 18 00 W

      Map references:

       Arctic Region

      Area:

       total: 103,000 sq km

       water: 2,750 sq km

       land: 100,250 sq km

      Area - comparative:

       slightly smaller than Kentucky

      Land boundaries:

       0 km

      Coastline:

       4,988 km

      Maritime claims:

       territorial sea: 12 nm

       continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

       exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

      Climate:

       temperate; moderated by North Atlantic Current; mild, windy

       winters; damp, cool summers

      Terrain:

       mostly plateau interspersed with mountain peaks, icefields; coast

       deeply indented by bays and fiords

      Elevation extremes:

       lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m

       highest point: Hvannadalshnukur 2,119 m (at Vatnajokull glacier)

      Natural resources:

       fish, hydropower, geothermal power, diatomite

      Land use: arable land: 0.07% permanent crops: 0% other: 99.93% (2001)

      Irrigated land:

       NA sq km

      Natural hazards:

       earthquakes and volcanic activity

      Environment - current issues:

       water pollution from fertilizer runoff; inadequate wastewater

       treatment

      Environment - international agreements:

       party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate

       Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,

       Hazardous Wastes, Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping,

       Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Transboundary Air Pollution,

       Wetlands

       signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic

       Pollutants, Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation

      Geography - note:

       strategic location between Greenland and Europe; westernmost

       European country; Reykjavik is the northernmost national capital in

       the world; more land covered by glaciers than in all of continental

       Europe

      People Iceland

      Population:

       293,966 (July 2004 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 22.5% (male 33,522; female 32,489)

       15–64 years: 65.8% (male 98,091; female 95,450)

       65 years and over: 11.7% (male 15,552; female 18,862) (2004 est.)

      Median age:

       total: 33.8 years

       male: 33.3 years

       female: 34.3 years (2004 est.)

      Population growth rate:

       0.97% (2004 est.)

      Birth rate:

       13.83 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)

      Death rate:

       6.57 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)

      Net migration rate:

       2.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female

       total population: 1 male(s)/female (2004 est.)

      Infant mortality rate:

       total: 3.31 deaths/1,000 live births

       female: 3.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)

       male: 3.44 deaths/1,000 live births

      Life expectancy at birth:

       total population: 80.18 years

       male: 78.18 years

       female: 82.27 years (2004 est.)

      Total fertility rate:

       1.93 children born/woman (2004 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

       0.2% (2001 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

       220 (2001 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - deaths:

       less than 100 (2003